Diamond mining
China's current industrial interest have been put into exploitation is Kimberlite diamond deposits and sand deposits.
(1) Mining methods and division of mining scale
The speciality of the occurrence of diamond rock pipe on the mining is that the rock pipe production is a nearly vertical tubular shape that passes through the surface, and the cross-sectional area is circular and elliptical. Usually an area of 500 ~ 600m 2, large 2 000 ~ 3 000m 2, some even more. Generally, the area of ​​the rock tube is getting smaller and smaller, the grade is getting poorer, and the quality of the diamond is also worse (the size of the broken grain is increased). In order to exert the investment effect at an early date, the upper part of the diamond rock pipe mining is open-pit mining. As the depth of mining increases, the amount of stripping increases sharply, and after a certain depth, it is transferred to underground mining. This is the case for more than 10 rock pipes in the world-famous Kimberley region of South Africa. The same is true for the No. 1 rock tube in Mengyin, China. It can be said to be joint mining in the open and underground; the mining of the rock is underground mining; the mining of diamond sand is Open pit mining.
The division of mining scale is generally based on the amount of concentrate. The relevant departments have not yet established regulations. The original mine has an annual output of 50,000 ct and the service period is more than 25 years. The current Wafangdian mining area in Liaoning is currently only in China. The mining of the No. 50 rock pipe is a large mine. The annual output of diamond sand mine is 20,000 ct, which can be regarded as a large mine.
(2) Developing transportation
Open-pit mining of diamond mines generally adopts road development. Shandong Mengyin Shengli No. 1 rock pipe first uses inclined wells to develop, hoisting machine-motor vehicle transportation plan, but the use effect is not good, then changed to highway spiral line development, automobile transportation plan, now The mining depth has reached 100m, the surface size of the mining site is 300m×200m, and the “shovel-shaped†hollow open pit is formed. The “shovel†is the total access and exit of the open pit; the height of the step: the upper part is 10m and the lower part is 14m. The line is extended to the deep line in a counterclockwise direction; the 10t dump truck for transportation; the boundary stripping ratio of open pit mining is determined to be 6. The current urgent task of the mine is how to make a transition to underground mining. The upper part of the No. 50 rock pipe of Liaoning Wafangdian is open-pit mining, and the highway spiral is also used to develop automobile transportation. Diamond sand mining is now basically a road to develop car transportation, and there are some local laws that are not described here.
Underground mining and transportation, No. 1 vein of Mengyin Hongqi, Shandong, China, the inclination of the vein is 75°-80°, and the average thickness of the ore body (Kimberlite plus serpentine clastic rock on both sides) is 0.51m, the strike length is 1440m, and the middle is faulted. Separated, divided into two sections, the south section is 980m long and the north section is 460m long. The lower shaft is used for development. The section of the wellbore is only 3.02~2.2m. A small wind well is arranged at the north and south ends of the vein to form a central diagonal ventilation system. The connection between the wellbore and the vein is a stage stone gate with a stage height of 50m.
Synthetic cryolite is a white crystalline powder or a sandy-size granularity, and a pinkish crystalline powder or a sandy-size granularity as well. Sp.gr.2.95-3.01g/cm3, melting point about 1000°C, specific heat 1.056j/g°C at 18-100°C. It`s slightly soluble in water, but insoluble in anhydrous hydrogen fluoride. The content of its crystal water will be decreased while the increasing of the molecular ratio, therefore its loss on ignition will be also decreased while the increasing of the molecular ratio. After the paste of synthetic cryolite with different molecular ratio dehydrates, the loss on ignition at 800°C will appear 10.34%, 6.22% and 2.56% when the molecular ratio reaches 1.74, 2.14 and 2.63 reactively.
Uses:
It`s mainly used as a flux in the aluminum smelting by fused-salt electrolysis; also an opalizer in the manufacture of enamel; an opacifier and auxiliary solvent of glass and enamel; an insecticide of crops; a flux in aluminum alloy casting; and in the production of ferrous alloy and effervescing steel; as well as a wear-resistant filler for Resin and rubber-boned Abrasive wheels.
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