· Foreign high-speed also charges

Recently, the Ministry of Transport announced the revised draft of the "Regulations on the Administration of Toll Roads". The draft for comment has proposed that the expressway in the government toll road no longer stipulates a specific charging period. The actual payment period is subject to the determination of the charging period and debt. Maintenance management fees will be implemented after reimbursement. This means that the highway will be charged for a long time.
The announcement of this regulation has aroused heated discussion among netizens. China’s expensive high-speed tolls have once again caused public squandering.
So how is the foreign high-speed management? Are they as cheap as the Chinese people imagined? In this regard, we will list some countries' practices in managing highways.
US: Charges only account for 3.18%
The US highway network extends in all directions. It has a complete management system. It has strict regulations from legislation to investment, quality, and operation management. It is open and transparent and accepts public supervision. Although most of the highways in the United States are free, but because many highways have been over half a century old, the cost of maintenance is getting higher and higher, and administrative costs are rising year by year, resulting in higher fees.
According to the official data of the US Department of Transportation, including roads, bridges, tunnels, ferries, etc., as of January 1, 2011, there are highway toll stations in 38 states across the United States, and there are no toll stations in 12 states. The toll mileage of the US highway is 8,633 kilometers, accounting for 3.18% of the total mileage.
On the east coast of the United States, New York, New Jersey, Maryland and other states have more highway toll stations, and there are few toll roads on the West Coast and many parts of the central and southern parts. Some states are free, such as Arizona, New Mexico, and South Dakota and North Dakota.
Australia: only 16 road tolls
Australia has a land area of ​​7,692,200 square kilometers and a total length of more than 900,000 kilometers. Australia's highways are divided into three levels: national roads, state roads and local roads.
Australian highways generally refer to national highways and state highways, which are divided into free and fee-based. National highways are free and are planned, constructed and maintained by the Australian Federal Government Infrastructure and Local Development Department.
The toll roads are all on state highways, but they only account for a small portion of state highways, with a total of 16 toll road sections nationwide. Among them, 14 toll road sections are operated and maintained by different companies. These companies use the government's investment in highways as a financial subsidy, which is not converted into shares of the company and does not participate in profit distribution. Australian road operators are private investment institutions and individuals holding shares.
The remaining two toll roads are the Sydney Harbour Bridge and the Sydney Undersea Tunnel, which are different from the previous 14 toll road operating modes. These two road sections continue to implement the charging policy after the government has paid off the full loan principal and interest through fees. The fees are used for the maintenance and management of the project, and are also used for investment in other highway projects.
France: 5 cents for 1 km
France's expressways and national highways and provincial roads form a three-dimensional highway network that runs through the whole country and connects Europe. It has a complete system from design, construction, maintenance and management. The French highway should be considered excellent quality.
Speaking of French highway tolls, franchising may be a unique feature of France. From the 1955 French highway enactment, by 2005 the highway was completely privatized, state-owned capital was completely withdrawn, and more than 10 franchise companies became the main force for highway construction, investment, operation, maintenance and even revenue.
French highway mileage: By 2014, a total of more than 11,880 kilometers, the total length of the highway is the fourth in the world, of which 9053 kilometers is the toll section operated by the concessionaire, accounting for nearly 80% of the total mileage.
Service facilities along the route: Calculated, there is a rest station or service station on the French highway about 10 km on average, and there is a restaurant on average 20 km.
How much to collect: According to the road cost, geographical environment, and the usage fee, the price is slightly different, roughly between 7 Euro cents and 12 Euro cents per kilometer (about 0.5 yuan to 1 yuan).
Germany: charging for large trucks
The maintenance and expansion of German highways mainly relies on financial support. Since 2005, Germany has begun to charge road use fees for trucks of more than 12 tons to expand financial resources. Nowadays, Germany has taken into account the use of German high-speed foreign passenger cars. However, the purchase of road money only for foreign passenger cars is suspected of discriminating against drivers in other EU countries. The European Commission’s lawsuit has forced Germany’s plan to levy high-speed fees in 2016 to be postponed.
Since 2005, Germany has imposed road use fees on large trucks of more than 12 tons using domestic highways and some federal highways. The charging standard varies depending on the number of axles and emission levels, and the cheapest is also more than ten euro cents per kilometer.
In March of this year, the German Bundestag passed a draft law to expand the scope of the use of truck roads and to collect road fees for passenger cars.
The new law stipulates that from July 1, 2015, the toll road section for large trucks of 12 tons or more will be further increased. From October 1, 2015, trucks of 7.5 tons to 12 tons will also be subject to road use fees. The new law also stipulates that starting from 2016, Germany will levy an “infrastructure construction fee” for passenger cars, that is, road use fees, which are determined by vehicle size and environmental standards.
Japan: Full coverage fee
As of April 2010, the total length of Japanese roads was about 1.2 million kilometers, including a total of 9,507 kilometers of toll roads. For this island country with a total area of ​​about 370,000 square kilometers and a narrow terrain, almost full coverage has been achieved. The total length of the expressway is 9126.8 kilometers, all of which are toll roads.
Japan’s Capital Expressway Company has been implementing a fixed-rate charging system. Since January 1, 2011, the mileage-based charging system has been implemented: ordinary vehicles equipped with odometers are within 500 kilometers (including RMB 40) within 6 kilometers. The fee for 100 kilometers is 100 yen (for 8 yuan), and the upper limit is 900 yen (72 yuan). For ordinary vehicles without an odometer, the one-time charge is 900 yen. Large vehicles are twice as expensive as regular vehicles and there are no discounts on holidays and nights.
In addition to the fixed-line mileage charges, there are toll stations on the main line, so if you travel from Kagoshima in the south of Kyushu to Aomori in the northern part of the state, the toll is close to 40,000 yen, or 3,214 yuan.
However, Japanese highways generally use various discount methods. For example, if the mileage on the expressway is between 100 km and 200 km, the part exceeding 100 km can be discounted by 25%. If it exceeds 200 km, the excess can be discounted by 30%.
Spain: available for selection
The Spanish high-speed is mainly divided into two types, the AP speed for free and the free A speed, and the main high-speed is six. It radiates in six directions starting from the 0-kilometre sign on the ground at the gate of the government of the Grand Palace in Madrid. The AP charging speed is basically 10 Euros and 10 kilometers. There will be an AP high speed next to the A-word high speed in all directions, allowing you to choose freely. There are also some special cases where the A-word high-speed interrupt will be replaced by the AP high-speed, such as the A7 Mediterranean Expressway, which will be replaced by AP7 in many places.
South Korea: one word, expensive
South Korea is a mountainous country, and it is very difficult to build highways, especially one after another, resulting in increased costs. Due to rising prices and labor costs, South Korea’s tolls are also rising.
For example, the tolls of three privately-owned highways, such as the Incheon Airport Expressway, have been raised by 4.6%, with the aim of ensuring that the investment can be recovered within the prescribed time limit. South Korea’s controversy over the highway has been constant. The Korean National 21 magazine disclosed that South Korea has a “minimum operating income guarantee system”. That is to say, the government should compensate the investors for the shortfall caused by insufficient traffic. As a result, the burden was passed on to the people.
At present, the toll of the general family car when passing the Incheon Airport Expressway is one-way 7100 won, and the round trip is 142,000 won, with an average of 197.2 won per kilometer (100 yuan is about 135,000 won). Tolls are not the first expensive in the world.
Russia: "Rising star" for high-speed tolls
It was not until 2012 that Russia had its first toll highway. This road is in St. Petersburg, with elevated roads, tunnels and bridges across the river and across the river, with a total length of about 46 kilometers. The standard for charging is based on the model and driving time. After that, some ordinary roads gradually began to charge.
In order to solve this problem, Russia is also controversial. Most of the funds it used to build roads were obtained from gasoline consumption tax and automobile license fees. Some people said that the more roads are used, the heavier the road maintenance burden, so more construction points. Toll roads are a historical necessity. Others do not agree with it. For example, former Russian Deputy Prime Minister Ivanov: Although the road is broken, it takes a little longer, but the people should have the right to choose. If you want to repair it, you can't dismantle the old road.
The Russian government said in 2012 that they will build a 2,000-kilometer toll road by 2019. Not long ago, the Russian Academy of Sciences also proposed to Putin to build a 12.4 million miles from the United Kingdom to Alaska in the United States, crossing the super highways of Russia and East and West.
India: cheap but slow
All highways in India are charged.
For the first two years, the charge for small cars was 0.65 rupees per kilometer (about 7 cents), and the rates for passenger cars and trucks were slightly higher at 2.2 rupees. It sounds cheap, and they also have some preferential policies, such as a one-way 25% fee reduction for vehicles that travel within 24 hours, and a one-third reduction for tolls that pass 50 times a month. .
However, the highways in India are in poor condition and the management is chaotic. The closed state is only about 1000 kilometers. Among them, a 220-kilometer fully enclosed highway from New Delhi to Agra has a low utilization rate due to higher fees. Therefore, even if it is a national-level highway, there is no way to achieve the efficiency of the highway.

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