· Sharing cars overseas: Japan’s policy is cautious and balances the interests of all parties

Sharing cars overseas: Japan's policy is cautious, balancing the interests of all parties compared with the market share of Japanese cars in the world, the pace of development of shared cars in Japan appears relatively slow. Although there have been several franchise companies, their brand influence and market share are far less than those of Uber and other European and American counterparts. This aspect is due to the perfect and convenient public transportation system in Japanese cities, and on the other hand is the result of legal policy control.
Wu Baoning, a senior researcher at the Japan Institute of Modern Culture, which specializes in automotive research, told this reporter that Japanese shared cars can be divided into two types: “time sharing” and “multiplying sharing”. The so-called "time-sharing sharing" refers to the provision of own-owned vehicles for users to drive on their own and to be placed under the management of the car rental industry in Japan. “Multi-purpose sharing” not only provides the vehicles that it owns, but also provides driving services and is assigned to the taxi industry management.
Japan implements dual management of the operating company and the vehicle itself for the car rental industry to which the time-sharing is shared. The company that previously engaged in vehicle leasing must obtain a business license and ensure that the leased vehicle returns to the “original parking space”, otherwise the police will strictly ban the illegal parking. However, in 2014, in order to adapt to the development needs of the sharing economy, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism of Japan relaxed the regulations and no longer emphasized that vehicles must return to the “original parking spaces”, provided that the rental company uses information technology to manage the location of the shared vehicles. Ensure that shared vehicles are parked in “specially parked parking spaces”. Under this circumstance, the leasing company must implement 1.5-3 times parking space matching for the shared vehicles to meet the regulatory requirements. This undoubtedly increases operating costs.
For the taxi industry to which the passenger sharing belongs, Japan adopts dual management of the operating company and the driver himself. Since this involves not only the distribution of benefits with the traditional taxi industry, but also the personal safety of passengers, the Japanese government is very cautious. Even U.S. pioneers in Europe and the United States can only operate indirectly in cooperation with traditional taxi companies in major cities in Japan, and direct operations can only be carried out in government-designated pilot zones. These areas are basically in “populated areas”, public transport and traditional taxis are inadequate, and shared cars can meet the needs of elderly and super-aged people with limited mobility.
Wu Baoning believes that the Japanese government's prudent policy avoids the "disorderly parking" phenomenon that shared cars may bring, guarantees the qualifications of employees, and balances the interests of the traditional taxi industry. However, he also pointed out that there are certain market demands for time-sharing sharing, and that profitability can be achieved in business models, and greater policy survival space should be given.
In response to the traffic pressure and actual demand of the 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games, the Japanese government is preparing to extend the pilot zone for passenger sharing to major cities such as Tokyo and Osaka and surrounding areas. In large cities, the use of shared vehicles to achieve short-distance connection to stations such as stations is booming.
In addition, the experience of the younger generation has made it a potential customer of shared cars. Due to the over-developed urban public transport, Japan’s desire for cars after the 80s and 90s is decreasing. Time sharing is in line with their requirements in terms of timeliness, low cost and convenience. Some post-90s respondents said that time-sharing sharing can drive a variety of models in a short period of time, which is more interesting than buying a car.

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