Xigong worker Chu Sheng introduces you to “Dump Truck Operation Skills”

Dump trucks work in cooperation with excavators or loaders, which are flexible, easy to handle, and highly efficient. Commonly used dump truck load at between 1 - 20t, since the traveling road changeable, sometimes in the narrow job sites or dangerous location, if you do not pay attention to production safety, accident prone, or even lead to a serious car crash Consequences, drivers friends should pay attention to the following points (for reference only):

1. Dump trucks are generally powered by diesel engines. After starting, they should idle for a while until the water temperature rises to 45 °C and then start. Before starting, check whether the lift switch or lever of the car is in the off position, and observe whether the road is unblocked and send a driving signal to start with a block. After checking from the rearview mirror or the rear window of the cab, if there is no abnormality in the body of the vehicle, the second gear and the third gear can be changed to normal driving.

         2. In the course of driving, a suitable gear should be selected in time according to the road surface change to avoid overloading the engine for a long time. It is also necessary to judge whether there is any abnormality in the body and the material through the degree of body sway and the sound of the engine. The loading of dump trucks should be controlled within the rated capacity. Because they often travel on the construction site, they sometimes have poor road conditions. If they overload, they will cause premature damage to steel plates, girders, axles, and other components. At the same time, they will cause accidents due to increased vehicle inertia and degraded braking performance.

        3 , dump trucks are often used for short-distance construction and transportation regardless of the day and night, so the number of reversing. For this reason, it is advisable to have someone instructed on the reverse, and the driver should also choose a reverse position to avoid collision or endanger the safety of others. It is forbidden to carry mixed passengers or passengers and cargoes in the body of the vehicle. No one is allowed to get on or off the vehicle or perform lubrication adjustment. If the car body is damaged, loose materials cannot be shipped to prevent spillage on the way.   Loads are only allowed after the dump truck has stopped and braked. When loading, raised buckets or buckets are not allowed to pass over the tipper cab to ensure personnel safety. When the material is poured, the movement should be gentle and smooth, and try to be close to the body. Do not arbitrarily load the car so as not to damage the car body. When loading more than 1 ton of large stones, use a crane to lift them, and pay attention to even placement, and if necessary, add additional fixation so as to avoid overturning or rolling over the stones.

        4. When loading thin materials such as cement mortar, the load should be determined according to the level of the road, generally not exceeding the rated value of 4/5 , to prevent tipping accidents through uneven terrain. When unloading, the driver should watch from the rear window. If the body of the vehicle rises and the wheel sinks and tilts sideways, the driver should immediately drop the body and displace it.

       5. When unloading on the ramp, the tipper should be parked with the vehicle facing downwards and along the slope, and under the command of some people, the headstock can be lifted and unloaded on the cross slope to prevent overturning. When dumping material to the pit, a safety stop should be provided. The dump truck decelerates from the stop at 10m , stops at the stop until it stops, and raises the bucket to feed. If the viscous material is shipped and it is easy to adhere to the bucket and it is difficult to pour it, it should be manually assisted in eradicating it, and the inertia of the brake must not be used to avoid accidents. The water should be used on the wall immediately after work every day. Adhesive scouring clean.

        6. When unloading, pay attention to whether there is a transmission line above. If the car hopper rises and can not maintain a sufficient safety distance from the transmission line, the driver has the right to refuse the operation and report to the superior. In the Lanzhou-Xinjiang Railway double-track project, when a Yellow River dump truck unloaded, the rising bucket inadvertently wiped off the 10KV high-voltage line and the driver immediately died after being electrocuted. If the direction is not correct due to uneven roads on the way, or if one side of the steel plate breaks and the body of the vehicle is tilted, it is not possible to forcefully continue driving. It may only be restarted after someone has directed or made emergency repairs.

        7. When the tipper goes through the stagnant road section, it is necessary to use the low gear to drive a certain distance, and lightly step on the brake to eliminate the accumulated water in the brake drum (there may be thin ice in the winter) so as to prevent losing the system due to skidding of the friction plate. The ability to move and affect traffic safety. When arranging the dump truck in tandem, it is necessary to maintain a distance of about 10m from the preceding vehicle, and the ice and snow roads should also be increased.

       8. Temporary parking can put the gear lever in neutral and make braking at the same time. If the temporary stop time is long, the flame should be turned off to avoid wasting fuel and aggravating machine wear. Stop to choose a suitable location and do not park on the ramp. When the work is returned, the car should be parked on a dry ground. If there is a situation where the wheel and the ground are frozen in winter, you should shovel the frozen soil and drive it again. It is forbidden to start by force to prevent damage to the parts. When the dump truck has ferried over the ship, it should first check whether the brakes are sensitive and reliable. After the transition, they often have to rewind the car. At this time, the car is miscellaneous. If the command is improper or the brakes fail, safety accidents are likely to occur.

       9. Dump trucks often operate at construction sites or on the pavement. As a result, the vehicle speed is slow and the driver's labor intensity is also high. When the temperature is high in summer, rest at noon for a while, so as not to overheat the engine, reduce the work efficiency, increase fuel consumption, increase machine wear, and the driver is prone to accidents due to fatigue. If the water tank "opens the pot", the water tank lid cannot be opened immediately and cooling water can be added. However, a dump truck driven by a single-cylinder diesel engine has an open structure. When the water is boiled, it is not necessary to add water immediately. The surface of the water can be lowered, and the red buoy is added to the water tank mouth.

       10. When driving at night, the lighting of the dump truck must be well-maintained, pay attention to construction signals or other warning signs on the way, stop if necessary, and identify the situation before proceeding. When we had a car driving at a water conservancy site during the night, we accidentally fell into the river and pond. Although the driver was rescued, the dump truck failed to fish. For this reason, traffic conditions should be correctly judged at night. The specific methods are as follows:

   Moonlit nights: The gray-white road surface and the white reflective surface are leeches.

   Moonless nights: dark gray for the road, white for water.

   Night after snow: The rut is white or grayish black.

    It is also possible to correctly select the shift timing based on the sound of the engine noise and the direction of the light. Generally, the sound of the engine becomes easy to go downhill, the weight becomes heavy on the uphill, the light suddenly goes far downhill, and the light is on the uphill, and the lights are on the way. On one side is a gentle bend, suddenly not seeing the road in front is a sharp bend. In addition, in the sand road can not keep up with the front of the car to drive, so as to avoid the dust caused by the loss of lighting effects, resulting in blurred vision of the driver and an accident.

      11. When passing muddy ground, use low-speed or medium-speed gear to drive according to the degree of slush, and try to walk according to the existing car, avoid shifting or stopping on the way, and do not rush to step on the brake pedal. If the vehicle slips, it is necessary to relax the accelerator pedal, turn the steering wheel to the side of the side skid, and turn the steering wheel to the steering wheel before moving on. In case of wheel slipping, you should retreat and advance again. If it is still slipping, turn off the fire, remove the mud from the wheel or pad sand, planks, straw and other things before starting. If it is still slipping, you should set up the rear wheel to pave the ground, and if necessary, find another tractor or tractor to assist in towing. When skidding, avoid rigid driving or repeated advancement and retrogression, so as to avoid deeper and deeper the wheels. When meeting the car, if both vehicles are traveling in the same vehicle, they should be prepared in advance, and drive at the side of the road to the side of the road, take the initiative to let go, but not too close to prevent the vehicle from slipping or tipping. In addition, for cars with front-drive devices, putting on front gears is also good for getting out of mud or slush roads.

12. When driving on rainy days, it is necessary to reduce the speed of the vehicle. On the way, strengthen the observation of vehicles and pedestrians, and if necessary, turn on the headlights. It is better not to use high beam headlights to prevent the glare of the light curtain from affecting sight and judgment. Try to avoid walking near the side of the road, not on the banks of the river or on the banks, so as not to cause the vehicle to slip. Be vigilant when crossing ridges, cliffs, or working sections to prevent the collapse of the road surface or the falling of rocks and stones that endanger the safety of people and vehicles .

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