China's first X-ray astronomy satellite "eyes" put into use

On the 30th, the National Science and Technology Agency for National Defense and the National Space Administration held an in-orbit ceremony for the use of the “Eye of the Eye” satellite in Beijing. Pan Teng, chief architect of the “Eye of the Eye” satellite, said at the ceremony that “Eye of the eye” has traveled in space, which has enabled China’s high-energy astronomy research to enter a new phase of space observation, which is of great significance in improving China’s international status and influence in the field of space science.

As the first large-scale X-ray astronomy satellite independently designed and developed in China, “Eye of the Eye” successfully launched on June 15, 2017. During on-orbit operation, it successfully completed the testing tasks of satellite platforms, payloads, and ground applications. The test results show that all functions and performances of the satellites are in line with the general requirements for engineering development and are ready for use.

Zhang Shuangnan, a researcher at the Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and chief scientist of the “Eye Eye” satellite, said that “Eye Eye” is the only high-energy detector in the world with large detector area, high time accuracy, and complete monitoring of the explosion process of gravitational waves. International space and ground measurements. Through the work of "Eye of the Eye", humans for the first time "heard" and "see" deep explosions in the depths of the universe, and directly detected the "thunder lightning" that was generated by the twin neutron stars; the hard X-ray of the strongest magnetic field in the universe. Observation of the orbital absorption line revealed the “missing link” of the internal structure of the neutron star, providing new clues to study the structure of ultra-high density, superfluid and superconductors in the neutron star.

In the future, “Eye Eye” will provide our scientists with high-sensitivity images of celestial bodies (black holes), neutron stars and neutron stars in the distant universe. Xiang Libin, the vice president of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, emphasized that the “Eye of the Eye” satellite was officially delivered on track and entered the long-term operation and management stage, marking the beginning of a new phase of scientific output.

In order to expand the international influence of the “Eye of the Eye” satellite and space high-energy physics research, and develop space science, the National Space Agency and the Chinese Academy of Sciences jointly established the “Eye Eye” satellite international scientific committee. Consultation services and international cooperation will be provided for cross-checking, contrast observations, and multi-band collaborative observations on the ground during the orbital tracking of the Goggles. Based on satellite data, extensive data applications and collaborative research will be conducted to promote data sharing services; satellites and related information will be developed. Field development trends and technical forecasting studies provide scientific basis for the development of subsequent satellite programs. The National Aerospace Administration Bureau is advancing the implementation of "Eye of the Eye" satellite data management methods, etc., standardizing data management, and promoting the maximum application of data and scientific output.

The reporter learned from the five institutes of the China Aerospace Science and Technology Group that in the on-orbit testing phase of more than seven months, the “eyesight” operation was stable and most of the indicators exceeded expectations. Behind this excellent transcript, there are a few hands on the “eyes” that are “exclusive”.

“Eye of the eye” is a satellite that observes the entire sky, and it will observe a variety of space targets during its lifetime. In order to improve its observation capabilities, it is necessary to first improve the control accuracy under various observation modes. To this end, the five-hospitals team focused on the three modes of sky scanning, fixed-point and small-sky scanning, and designed the attitude control method and pointing accuracy of the satellites to ensure that the actual pointing accuracy of the “eyesight” is nearly ten times higher than the index requirements. To ensure that it can maximize its observation capabilities.

In order to achieve full-time, wide-range observations of high-energy events in the universe, the “Eye of the Eye” combines all kinds of detection modes such as full-sky scanning, target spot-gazing, deep-sky scanning, and gamma-ray detection. In order to increase efficiency, these modes can be used interchangeably and switched at any time.

Normally, after the satellites have been lifted, they will follow the instructions issued by the ground station to complete the set mission. The five-hospital team assigned a variety of self-management and self-protection functions to the “Eye of the Eye”. There is no fixed "ground eye" on the ground. After flying, each side may face the ground. Designers used this technique to solve the problem of full-space measurement and control by adopting two antennas and two sets of two arrays, and realized the autonomous selection of digital transmission antennas in orbit. This makes it possible for satellites to independently select and switch automatically without having to send instructions from the ground and maintain contact with the “home” at any time.

To achieve a good on-orbit performance of satellites, in addition to excellent skills, but also indispensable body. "Eye of the eye" has the most working models in the world's similar satellites. Therefore, it has adopted the most mature and reliable satellite platform from the five hospitals. It not only has strong adaptability in terms of bearing capacity, load installation and stability, but also the design and attitude control of the platform. Temperature control and other aspects also have world-class standards.

In the future, "eyesight" will not fight one person. According to the three-step strategy of “exploration, detailed measurement, and deep patrol” in China's space X-ray exploration, in 2018, Chinese scientists will actively promote the establishment of enhanced X-ray time-variation and polarized space observatory (eXTP). A world-leading space X-ray detection project may also become a flagship project in China's space science field within the next 10 to 15 years, and it is expected to make a major breakthrough in the study of basic physical laws under extreme conditions.

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