Foundry industry product element analysis solution
I. Overview
Casting is a major supplier of blanks and parts for machinery manufacturing industry. Castings account for a large proportion of mechanical products, accounting for 40% to 80% of the total mass in general machinery, while manufacturing costs only account for 25% of the total cost of the machine. ~30%. The reasons for the low cost are: 1. It can make heavy use of waste and old metal materials. 2. It has certain dimensional accuracy, saving processing man-hours and metal materials. Therefore, the foundry industry occupies an extremely important position in the national economy.
Foundry companies are broadly divided into cast steel (cast carbon steel, cast low alloy steel, cast special steel), cast iron (grey cast iron, white cast iron, ductile cast iron, malleable cast iron), cast aluminum (aluminum-silicon alloy, aluminum-magnesium alloy, aluminum-copper Alloy, aluminum-zinc alloy), cast copper (brass, copper, copper, bronze). Widely used in automobile, shipbuilding, metallurgy, aviation, railway, aircraft, papermaking, medicine, construction and other industries, each casting has the corresponding grade and element content requirements in use. The casting company's material inspection for the production of castings is determined. The main basis for the use of castings.
Second, determine the analysis target
1. Products and uses of foundry companies
1) Cast steel products and uses:
(1) Carbon steel. General steel with carbon content less than 0.5%, low carbon steel with carbon content less than 0.2%, medium carbon steel with 0.2% - 0.5% carbon, high carbon steel with carbon content greater than 0.5%, with carbon As the content increases, the texture of the steel will harden. In heavy machinery, it is used to make parts that can withstand heavy loads, such as rolling mill stands, hydraulic press bases, etc.; it is used on railway vehicles to make parts that are subjected to great force and can withstand impact, such as bolsters, side frames, wheels and couplers.
(2) Low alloy steel. Cast steel containing alloy elements such as manganese, chromium, and copper. The total amount of alloying elements is generally less than 5%, has greater impact toughness, and can obtain better mechanical properties through heat treatment. Casting low alloy steel has better performance than carbon steel, which can reduce the quality of parts and increase the service life.
(3) Special steel. The alloy cast steel that has been refined to meet special needs has a wide variety of types and usually contains one or more kinds of high-grade alloy elements to obtain a certain special property. For example, manganese-containing steels containing 11% to 14% of manganese are resistant to impact wear and are used in wear-resistant parts of mining machinery and construction machinery; various stainless steels with chromium or chromium nickel as the main alloying elements are used in corrosion or 650 Parts that operate at high temperatures above °C, such as chemical valve bodies, pumps, vessels or steam turbine housings for large-capacity power stations.
(4) Stainless steel can be divided into Cr series (400 series), Cr-Ni series (300 series), Cr-Mn-Ni (200 series), heat-resistant chrome alloy steel (500 series), and precipitation hardening system (600). series).
2) Cast iron products and uses
(1) Grey cast iron. The carbon content is relatively high (2.7% to 4.0%). Carbon exists mainly in the form of flake graphite. The fracture is gray and is called gray iron. Low melting point (1145～1250°C), small shrinkage when solidified, compressive strength and hardness close to carbon steel, good shock absorption. Used for the manufacture of machine tools, cylinders, boxes and other structural parts.
(2) White cast iron. The content of carbon and silicon is low, and the carbon mainly exists in the form of cementite, and the fracture is silver-white. Condensation when solidified, easy to produce shrinkage, cracks. High hardness, brittleness, can not withstand the impact load. Used as a blank for malleable cast iron and made wear-resistant parts.
(3) Malleable cast iron. After white cast iron annealing treatment, graphite flocculent distribution, referred to as tough iron. Its uniform organizational performance, wear resistance, good plasticity and toughness. Used to make parts with complex shapes that can withstand strong dynamic loads.
(4) Ductile iron. The gray iron cast iron ball obtained after the treatment, the precipitated graphite was spherical, referred to as ductile iron. It has higher strength, better toughness and plasticity than ordinary grey cast iron. For the manufacture of internal combustion engines, automotive parts and farm machinery.
(5) Alloy cast iron. Ordinary cast iron is added with appropriate amount of alloying elements (such as silicon, manganese, phosphorus, nickel, chromium, molybdenum, copper, aluminum, boron, vanadium, tin, etc.). Alloying elements change the matrix structure of the cast iron, and thus have the characteristics of heat resistance, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, low temperature resistance or non-magnetic properties. It is used to make parts such as mines, chemical machinery, instruments and meters.
3) Cast Copper Products and Applications:
(1) Cupronickel: Copper alloy with nickel as the main additive element. The copper-nickel binary alloy is called ordinary cupronickel; the cupronickel alloy with manganese, iron, zinc, aluminum and other elements is called complex cupronickel. Industrial copper is divided into two categories: structural white copper and electric white copper. Structural characteristics of white copper is good mechanical properties and corrosion resistance, beautiful color. This white copper is widely used in the manufacture of precision machinery, eyewear accessories, chemical machinery and marine components. Electrician copper generally has good thermoelectric properties. Manganese, copper, and copper are manganese-nickel-coppers with different amounts of manganese. They are used in the manufacture of precision electrical instruments, varistors, precision resistors, strain gauges, and thermocouples.
(2) Brass: Copper alloy with zinc as the main additive element, with beautiful yellow color, collectively referred to as brass. The copper-zinc binary alloy is called ordinary brass or simple brass. More than three yuan brass called special brass or complex brass. Brass alloys containing less than 36% zinc are composed of solid solutions and have good cold workability. For example, brass containing 30% zinc is commonly used to make cartridge shells, commonly known as cartridge brass or seventy-three brass. Zinc alloys consist of 36 to 42% brass alloys and solid solutions. The most commonly used is 40% zinc 4/4 brass. In order to improve the performance of ordinary brass, often add other elements, such as aluminum, nickel, manganese, tin, silicon, lead and so on. Aluminum can increase the strength, hardness, and corrosion resistance of brass, but it reduces the plasticity and is suitable for use as a sea-wheel condenser and other corrosion-resistant parts. Tin can increase the strength of brass and corrosion resistance to seawater, so it is called * brass, used as ship thermal equipment and propellers. Lead improves the cutting performance of brass; this free-cutting brass is often used as a clock part. Brass castings are often used to make valves and pipe fittings. Explosion-proof crescent wrenches for fire hydrants commonly used on ships are made of brass and aluminum.
(3) Copper: High-quality red copper is of high purity, fine organization, and extremely low oxygen content. Non-porous, trachoma, loose, excellent electrical conductivity, suitable for etching the mold, the heat treatment process, the electrode is non-directional, suitable for precision play, play. Reference parameter: Cu ≥ 99.95%.
(4) Bronze: Bronze originally refers to a copper-tin alloy. Copper alloys other than brass and cupronickel are called bronze and often bear the name of the first major additive element in front of the bronze name. Tin bronze has good casting performance, good anti-friction performance and good mechanical properties, and is suitable for manufacturing bearings, worm gears, and gears. Lead bronze bronze fire hydrant wrenches are widely used bearing materials for modern engines and grinders.
(5) Aluminum bronze has high strength, good wear resistance and corrosion resistance, and is used to cast high load gears, bushings, marine propellers, etc.
(6) Phosphor bronze has a high elastic limit and good conductivity and is suitable for manufacturing precision springs and electrical contact elements.
(7) Beryllium bronze is also used to make non-sparking tools used in coal mines and oil depots.
(8) Beryllium copper is a supersaturated solid solution copper-based alloy with good mechanical properties, physical properties, chemical properties, and corrosion resistance; powder metallurgy production requires molds made of tungsten steel, high-carbon steel, and high-temperature superhard alloys. When electric erosion occurs, tungsten and copper are ideal materials due to the large loss and slow speed of the common electrode.
4) Cast aluminum enterprises
(1) Aluminum-silicon alloys, also known as "silicon-aluminum-oxide" or "silicon-aluminum-brass." It has good casting performance and wear resistance, small coefficient of thermal expansion, and has the largest variety in cast aluminum alloys. The alloy with the largest amount is 10% to 25% silicon. Sometimes added 0.2% ~ 0.6% magnesium silicon aluminum alloy, widely used in structural parts, such as shells, cylinders, boxes and frames. Sometimes adding appropriate amounts of copper and magnesium can improve the mechanical properties and heat resistance of the alloy. Such alloys are widely used to make pistons and other components.
(2) Aluminum-copper alloys, containing 4.5% to 5.3% copper, have the best strengthening effect. The proper addition of manganese and titanium can significantly increase room temperature, high temperature strength and casting performance. It is mainly used for making sand castings that can withstand large dynamic and static loads and shapes.
(3) Aluminum-magnesium alloy, the lowest density (2.55g/cm3), the highest strength (about 355MPa) of cast aluminum alloy, 12% magnesium, the best strengthening effect. The alloy has good corrosion resistance in the atmosphere and seawater, and has good comprehensive mechanical properties and machinability at room temperature. It can be used as a radar base, aircraft engine parts, propellers, landing gear and other parts, as well as decorative materials.
(4) Aluminum-zinc alloys, often adding silicon and magnesium to improve performance, often referred to as "zinc-silicon aluminum." Under casting conditions, the alloy has a quenching effect, ie "self-quenching". It can be used without heat treatment. After heat treatment with metamorphism, the casting has high strength. After stabilization, it is dimensionally stable and is often used to make models, stencils, and equipment supports. The cast aluminum alloy has the same alloy system as the deformed aluminum alloy and has the same strengthening mechanism (except for strain hardening) as the deformed aluminum alloy. The main difference is that the maximum content of alloying element silicon in the cast aluminum alloy exceeds that of most deformed aluminum alloys. The silicon content in the alloy. In addition to containing a strengthening element, the cast aluminum alloy must also contain a sufficient amount of eutectic element (usually silicon) so that the alloy has considerable fluidity and is easily filled with shrinkage joints during casting. At present, the basic alloys are only the following 6 categories; 1AI-Cu alloy, 2AI-Cu-Si alloy 3AI-Si alloy, 4AI-Mg alloy, 5AI-Zn-Mg alloy, 6AI-Sn alloy.
Silicon content is 10% to 25%. Sometimes added 0.2% to 0.6% magnesium silicon aluminum alloy
2. Casting product types and analysis objectives:
1) Casting Steel Enterprise Casting Enterprise Casting Requirements Analysis Project:
Cast Steel Enterprise Casting to Determine Types of Cast Steel and Chemical Composition Analysis
Carbon steel is generally divided into 15 # steel ~ 45 # steel, generally only require analysis of carbon steel, sulfur, manganese, phosphorus, silicon, low alloy steel in addition to the above five elements analysis there are chromium, nickel, molybdenum, Copper; special steels are mainly carbon, sulfur, manganese, phosphorus, silicon, chromium, nickel, molybdenum, copper, titanium, tungsten and other elements.
2) Cast Iron Enterprise Casting Enterprise Casting Requirements Analysis Project:
Cast Iron Enterprise Casting to Determine the Type of Cast Iron for Chemical Composition Analysis
Gray iron, white iron, malleable cast iron generally only require analysis of carbon, sulfur, manganese, phosphorus, silicon elements; in addition to the above five elements of spheroidal graphite analysis of total rare earth and magnesium determination; alloy cast iron mainly carbon, sulfur , manganese, phosphorus, silicon, chromium, nickel, molybdenum and other elements.
Ordinary pig iron such as grey iron and white iron is also an analysis of five elements such as manganese, carbon, sulfur, phosphorus and silicon. Alloys such as high-chromium cast iron, ductile cast iron and some other alloy cast irons have chromium in addition to five elements. Nickel, molybdenum other elements and spheroidization rate testing.
3) Casting Copper Enterprise Casting Requirements Analysis Project:
Foundry company to determine the type of cast chemical composition analysis
Copper alloys are divided into many types. The general test elements are selected according to the products they are manufactured. For example, Brass Brand 59 Brass, 69 Brass Copper Content Analysis; Impurity Element Analysis of Red Copper; Phosphor Bronze, Tin Bronze Phosphorous , analysis of tin elements, etc. For the copper alloy enterprise inspection products are divided into pre-furnace control and furnace analysis.
4) Cast aluminum enterprise cast aluminum enterprise to determine the type of chemical composition analysis
Aluminum alloy production companies generally have conventional elements of aluminum alloys such as silicon, iron, copper, manganese, magnesium, and titanium. Other elements are selectively tested according to the requirements of products produced by enterprises. The analysis elements of aluminum alloy castings are chemically analyzed due to the long dissolution time of the samples. Can not analyze the rapid analysis of product control before the furnace, can only use the spectrum analyzer for rapid inspection of products, and chemical analysis can only analyze the finished product.
Third, casting company equipment selection
Foundry companies can choose practical analytical instruments according to product requirements, their own scale, budgetary costs, and analytical purposes. The following lists the parameters, quotes, and functions of various metal material analyzers produced by Xinyao:
Option One: XY-CS5 Carbon Sulfur Analyzer, XY-FB Micro Element Analyzer, XY-A Arc Burner, MP16 Printer
This solution adopts a fully-automatic operation split design, which is composed of two instruments and is called a set. It can detect the detection of five elements of carbon, sulfur, manganese, phosphorus, and silicon in steel and some of the alloy materials such as chromium, nickel, molybdenum, etc. The element detection, instrument operation time is XY-CS5 carbon sulfur analyzer 45 seconds from the sample to join the instrument print out the test results, XY-FB microcomputer element analyzer from the sample color into the cuvette within 2 seconds Display the test results; The advantages of the device The latest technology, microcomputer-controlled automatic endpoint color recognition system, can print the test report required for filing. The microcomputer element analyzer uses a zero negative voltage automatic adjustment system. Select the program to set up the laboratory all costs within 20,000 yuan.
Option 2: XY-CS6 carbon and sulfur analyzer, XY-FC microcomputer element analyzer, XY-A arc burner, electronic balance, MP16 printer
The program is currently the best-selling, cost-effective model in the country, in addition to all the features of the above program, also equipped with electronic balance to achieve a quantitative sample, steel gear switch to save the operator's operating time; this set of equipment uses imported yuan Device, device motherboard three protection system, so that the instrument control part of the failure will be the lowest. Select the program to set up the laboratory all costs within 3 yuan.
Option 3: XY-QF9 computer multi-element analyzer, XY-A arc burner, electronic balance, Lenovo, HP printer
The program adopts an integrated design of a set of instruments that not only detects five elements, but also detects nearly 100 elements in various materials such as stainless steel, aluminum alloys, and copper alloys, uses branded computer software controls, and has powerful software processing capabilities. The instrument has always been in the ranks of high-end instruments.
Solution 4: XY-TG3P furnace front carbon silicon rapid analyzer, XY-TG4L hot metal quality analyzer
This program combines the two types of models, generally only for cast iron companies to choose, cast iron in the production process before the furnace control only the rapid and accurate detection of the original molten iron in order to produce high-quality castings.
XY-TG3P Pre-Carbon Silicon Rapid Analyzer quickly performs hot metal temperature (liquid phase temperature, solid phase temperature), carbon content, silicon content, carbon equivalent, co-crystallinity, and deterministic tensile strength index in 2 minutes Check and print. The instrument price is between 5000-7000.
XY-TG4L hot metal mass analyzer in 3 minutes to the hot metal temperature (liquid phase temperature, solid temperature), carbon content, silicon content, carbon equivalent, co-crystallinity, calculated tensile strength; tensile strength of non-alloy cast iron Intensity RM, hardness HB, quality coefficient R/H, number of co-clusters MEG, and graphitization factor K are tested, and the shortage of materials can be calculated automatically based on the measured compositional content, the amount of molten iron that has been set, the target composition, and the material retention rate. Quantity, according to the material requirements and measurement results automatically calculate the amount of feed to facilitate the rapid adjustment of carburizing agent, ferrosilicon, scrap steel added to the furnace, so that C%, Si% into the target upper and lower limits. Temperature compensation can be set and printed. This set of instruments costs between 30,000 and 40,000.
Scheme 5: XY-2011B Automatic Infrared Carbon and Sulfur Analyzer, XY-1HW High Frequency Infrared Carbon and Sulfur Analyzer, XY-FD Computer Multi-Element Analyzer
The program uses infrared detection of carbon and sulfur, detection accuracy and range C: 0.001-10.0000% (expandable), S: 0.0005-0.3500% (expandable). The automatic infrared carbon-sulfur analyzer is the most accurate carbon-sulfur analyzer in China. The detection time can be used for quantitative or non-quantitative analysis of carbon and sulfur in 40 seconds. Other elements and solutions are the same, such as ultra-low requirements. Detection of carbon stainless steel, refractories, glass, lime, cement and other elements. This set of plans is suitable for the use of high product requirements such as military enterprises, aerospace, import and export trade and other corporate sectors, the instrument supporting the price of 40,000 to 90,000.
Option 6: XY-8000 Direct Reading Spectrometer
This set of spectrum analyzer is capable of carbon steel, high, medium and low alloy steel, various grades of cast iron, and alloy cast iron in iron and steel enterprises within 30 seconds without destroying samples; various metals in foundry companies such as: Aluminum alloys, magnesium alloys, copper alloys, zinc alloys; rapid inspection of all elements in mechanical and laboratory metal materials. The direct-reading spectrometer is characterized by its fast speed, complete measured elements, and convenient operation, which can't be achieved by other instruments. For example, aluminum alloys, magnesium alloys, zinc alloys, and many other non-ferrous metals are not controlled by the furnace, except that the spectrum analyzer does not have any equipment to analyze all elements in a short time. Price between 200,000 - 280,000.
The above solutions are only for customers' reference. For more products, please refer to the website's product catalog selection: Xinyao Products
Scheme I, Scheme II, Scheme III, and Plan 5 Laboratory can refer to: Iron and steel industry laboratory solutions to many problems
Fourth, select points
Various types of foundry companies can choose their own analysis requirements for their own scale, use, budgetary costs and product requirements. They can choose the equipment and equipment produced by regular manufacturers. They do not need to pursue high prices, and not the highest-priced instruments are the best, such as steel companies The five elements in the iron and steel materials can be satisfied by either the furnace control or the furnace after the configuration of the first to third solutions. The most suitable for their own corporate testing needs is the best.
Casting is a major supplier of blanks and parts for machinery manufacturing industry. Castings account for a large proportion of mechanical products, accounting for 40% to 80% of the total mass in general machinery, while manufacturing costs only account for 25% of the total cost of the machine. ~30%. The reasons for the low cost are: 1. It can make heavy use of waste and old metal materials. 2. It has certain dimensional accuracy, saving processing man-hours and metal materials. Therefore, the foundry industry occupies an extremely important position in the national economy.
Foundry companies are broadly divided into cast steel (cast carbon steel, cast low alloy steel, cast special steel), cast iron (grey cast iron, white cast iron, ductile cast iron, malleable cast iron), cast aluminum (aluminum-silicon alloy, aluminum-magnesium alloy, aluminum-copper Alloy, aluminum-zinc alloy), cast copper (brass, copper, copper, bronze). Widely used in automobile, shipbuilding, metallurgy, aviation, railway, aircraft, papermaking, medicine, construction and other industries, each casting has the corresponding grade and element content requirements in use. The casting company's material inspection for the production of castings is determined. The main basis for the use of castings.
Second, determine the analysis target
1. Products and uses of foundry companies
1) Cast steel products and uses:
(1) Carbon steel. General steel with carbon content less than 0.5%, low carbon steel with carbon content less than 0.2%, medium carbon steel with 0.2% - 0.5% carbon, high carbon steel with carbon content greater than 0.5%, with carbon As the content increases, the texture of the steel will harden. In heavy machinery, it is used to make parts that can withstand heavy loads, such as rolling mill stands, hydraulic press bases, etc.; it is used on railway vehicles to make parts that are subjected to great force and can withstand impact, such as bolsters, side frames, wheels and couplers.
(2) Low alloy steel. Cast steel containing alloy elements such as manganese, chromium, and copper. The total amount of alloying elements is generally less than 5%, has greater impact toughness, and can obtain better mechanical properties through heat treatment. Casting low alloy steel has better performance than carbon steel, which can reduce the quality of parts and increase the service life.
(3) Special steel. The alloy cast steel that has been refined to meet special needs has a wide variety of types and usually contains one or more kinds of high-grade alloy elements to obtain a certain special property. For example, manganese-containing steels containing 11% to 14% of manganese are resistant to impact wear and are used in wear-resistant parts of mining machinery and construction machinery; various stainless steels with chromium or chromium nickel as the main alloying elements are used in corrosion or 650 Parts that operate at high temperatures above °C, such as chemical valve bodies, pumps, vessels or steam turbine housings for large-capacity power stations.
(4) Stainless steel can be divided into Cr series (400 series), Cr-Ni series (300 series), Cr-Mn-Ni (200 series), heat-resistant chrome alloy steel (500 series), and precipitation hardening system (600). series).
2) Cast iron products and uses
(1) Grey cast iron. The carbon content is relatively high (2.7% to 4.0%). Carbon exists mainly in the form of flake graphite. The fracture is gray and is called gray iron. Low melting point (1145～1250°C), small shrinkage when solidified, compressive strength and hardness close to carbon steel, good shock absorption. Used for the manufacture of machine tools, cylinders, boxes and other structural parts.
(2) White cast iron. The content of carbon and silicon is low, and the carbon mainly exists in the form of cementite, and the fracture is silver-white. Condensation when solidified, easy to produce shrinkage, cracks. High hardness, brittleness, can not withstand the impact load. Used as a blank for malleable cast iron and made wear-resistant parts.
(3) Malleable cast iron. After white cast iron annealing treatment, graphite flocculent distribution, referred to as tough iron. Its uniform organizational performance, wear resistance, good plasticity and toughness. Used to make parts with complex shapes that can withstand strong dynamic loads.
(4) Ductile iron. The gray iron cast iron ball obtained after the treatment, the precipitated graphite was spherical, referred to as ductile iron. It has higher strength, better toughness and plasticity than ordinary grey cast iron. For the manufacture of internal combustion engines, automotive parts and farm machinery.
(5) Alloy cast iron. Ordinary cast iron is added with appropriate amount of alloying elements (such as silicon, manganese, phosphorus, nickel, chromium, molybdenum, copper, aluminum, boron, vanadium, tin, etc.). Alloying elements change the matrix structure of the cast iron, and thus have the characteristics of heat resistance, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, low temperature resistance or non-magnetic properties. It is used to make parts such as mines, chemical machinery, instruments and meters.
3) Cast Copper Products and Applications:
(1) Cupronickel: Copper alloy with nickel as the main additive element. The copper-nickel binary alloy is called ordinary cupronickel; the cupronickel alloy with manganese, iron, zinc, aluminum and other elements is called complex cupronickel. Industrial copper is divided into two categories: structural white copper and electric white copper. Structural characteristics of white copper is good mechanical properties and corrosion resistance, beautiful color. This white copper is widely used in the manufacture of precision machinery, eyewear accessories, chemical machinery and marine components. Electrician copper generally has good thermoelectric properties. Manganese, copper, and copper are manganese-nickel-coppers with different amounts of manganese. They are used in the manufacture of precision electrical instruments, varistors, precision resistors, strain gauges, and thermocouples.
(2) Brass: Copper alloy with zinc as the main additive element, with beautiful yellow color, collectively referred to as brass. The copper-zinc binary alloy is called ordinary brass or simple brass. More than three yuan brass called special brass or complex brass. Brass alloys containing less than 36% zinc are composed of solid solutions and have good cold workability. For example, brass containing 30% zinc is commonly used to make cartridge shells, commonly known as cartridge brass or seventy-three brass. Zinc alloys consist of 36 to 42% brass alloys and solid solutions. The most commonly used is 40% zinc 4/4 brass. In order to improve the performance of ordinary brass, often add other elements, such as aluminum, nickel, manganese, tin, silicon, lead and so on. Aluminum can increase the strength, hardness, and corrosion resistance of brass, but it reduces the plasticity and is suitable for use as a sea-wheel condenser and other corrosion-resistant parts. Tin can increase the strength of brass and corrosion resistance to seawater, so it is called * brass, used as ship thermal equipment and propellers. Lead improves the cutting performance of brass; this free-cutting brass is often used as a clock part. Brass castings are often used to make valves and pipe fittings. Explosion-proof crescent wrenches for fire hydrants commonly used on ships are made of brass and aluminum.
(3) Copper: High-quality red copper is of high purity, fine organization, and extremely low oxygen content. Non-porous, trachoma, loose, excellent electrical conductivity, suitable for etching the mold, the heat treatment process, the electrode is non-directional, suitable for precision play, play. Reference parameter: Cu ≥ 99.95%.
(4) Bronze: Bronze originally refers to a copper-tin alloy. Copper alloys other than brass and cupronickel are called bronze and often bear the name of the first major additive element in front of the bronze name. Tin bronze has good casting performance, good anti-friction performance and good mechanical properties, and is suitable for manufacturing bearings, worm gears, and gears. Lead bronze bronze fire hydrant wrenches are widely used bearing materials for modern engines and grinders.
(5) Aluminum bronze has high strength, good wear resistance and corrosion resistance, and is used to cast high load gears, bushings, marine propellers, etc.
(6) Phosphor bronze has a high elastic limit and good conductivity and is suitable for manufacturing precision springs and electrical contact elements.
(7) Beryllium bronze is also used to make non-sparking tools used in coal mines and oil depots.
(8) Beryllium copper is a supersaturated solid solution copper-based alloy with good mechanical properties, physical properties, chemical properties, and corrosion resistance; powder metallurgy production requires molds made of tungsten steel, high-carbon steel, and high-temperature superhard alloys. When electric erosion occurs, tungsten and copper are ideal materials due to the large loss and slow speed of the common electrode.
4) Cast aluminum enterprises
(1) Aluminum-silicon alloys, also known as "silicon-aluminum-oxide" or "silicon-aluminum-brass." It has good casting performance and wear resistance, small coefficient of thermal expansion, and has the largest variety in cast aluminum alloys. The alloy with the largest amount is 10% to 25% silicon. Sometimes added 0.2% ~ 0.6% magnesium silicon aluminum alloy, widely used in structural parts, such as shells, cylinders, boxes and frames. Sometimes adding appropriate amounts of copper and magnesium can improve the mechanical properties and heat resistance of the alloy. Such alloys are widely used to make pistons and other components.
(2) Aluminum-copper alloys, containing 4.5% to 5.3% copper, have the best strengthening effect. The proper addition of manganese and titanium can significantly increase room temperature, high temperature strength and casting performance. It is mainly used for making sand castings that can withstand large dynamic and static loads and shapes.
(3) Aluminum-magnesium alloy, the lowest density (2.55g/cm3), the highest strength (about 355MPa) of cast aluminum alloy, 12% magnesium, the best strengthening effect. The alloy has good corrosion resistance in the atmosphere and seawater, and has good comprehensive mechanical properties and machinability at room temperature. It can be used as a radar base, aircraft engine parts, propellers, landing gear and other parts, as well as decorative materials.
(4) Aluminum-zinc alloys, often adding silicon and magnesium to improve performance, often referred to as "zinc-silicon aluminum." Under casting conditions, the alloy has a quenching effect, ie "self-quenching". It can be used without heat treatment. After heat treatment with metamorphism, the casting has high strength. After stabilization, it is dimensionally stable and is often used to make models, stencils, and equipment supports. The cast aluminum alloy has the same alloy system as the deformed aluminum alloy and has the same strengthening mechanism (except for strain hardening) as the deformed aluminum alloy. The main difference is that the maximum content of alloying element silicon in the cast aluminum alloy exceeds that of most deformed aluminum alloys. The silicon content in the alloy. In addition to containing a strengthening element, the cast aluminum alloy must also contain a sufficient amount of eutectic element (usually silicon) so that the alloy has considerable fluidity and is easily filled with shrinkage joints during casting. At present, the basic alloys are only the following 6 categories; 1AI-Cu alloy, 2AI-Cu-Si alloy 3AI-Si alloy, 4AI-Mg alloy, 5AI-Zn-Mg alloy, 6AI-Sn alloy.
Silicon content is 10% to 25%. Sometimes added 0.2% to 0.6% magnesium silicon aluminum alloy
2. Casting product types and analysis objectives:
1) Casting Steel Enterprise Casting Enterprise Casting Requirements Analysis Project:
Cast Steel Enterprise Casting to Determine Types of Cast Steel and Chemical Composition Analysis
Carbon steel is generally divided into 15 # steel ~ 45 # steel, generally only require analysis of carbon steel, sulfur, manganese, phosphorus, silicon, low alloy steel in addition to the above five elements analysis there are chromium, nickel, molybdenum, Copper; special steels are mainly carbon, sulfur, manganese, phosphorus, silicon, chromium, nickel, molybdenum, copper, titanium, tungsten and other elements.
2) Cast Iron Enterprise Casting Enterprise Casting Requirements Analysis Project:
Cast Iron Enterprise Casting to Determine the Type of Cast Iron for Chemical Composition Analysis
Gray iron, white iron, malleable cast iron generally only require analysis of carbon, sulfur, manganese, phosphorus, silicon elements; in addition to the above five elements of spheroidal graphite analysis of total rare earth and magnesium determination; alloy cast iron mainly carbon, sulfur , manganese, phosphorus, silicon, chromium, nickel, molybdenum and other elements.
Ordinary pig iron such as grey iron and white iron is also an analysis of five elements such as manganese, carbon, sulfur, phosphorus and silicon. Alloys such as high-chromium cast iron, ductile cast iron and some other alloy cast irons have chromium in addition to five elements. Nickel, molybdenum other elements and spheroidization rate testing.
3) Casting Copper Enterprise Casting Requirements Analysis Project:
Foundry company to determine the type of cast chemical composition analysis
Copper alloys are divided into many types. The general test elements are selected according to the products they are manufactured. For example, Brass Brand 59 Brass, 69 Brass Copper Content Analysis; Impurity Element Analysis of Red Copper; Phosphor Bronze, Tin Bronze Phosphorous , analysis of tin elements, etc. For the copper alloy enterprise inspection products are divided into pre-furnace control and furnace analysis.
4) Cast aluminum enterprise cast aluminum enterprise to determine the type of chemical composition analysis
Aluminum alloy production companies generally have conventional elements of aluminum alloys such as silicon, iron, copper, manganese, magnesium, and titanium. Other elements are selectively tested according to the requirements of products produced by enterprises. The analysis elements of aluminum alloy castings are chemically analyzed due to the long dissolution time of the samples. Can not analyze the rapid analysis of product control before the furnace, can only use the spectrum analyzer for rapid inspection of products, and chemical analysis can only analyze the finished product.
Third, casting company equipment selection
Foundry companies can choose practical analytical instruments according to product requirements, their own scale, budgetary costs, and analytical purposes. The following lists the parameters, quotes, and functions of various metal material analyzers produced by Xinyao:
Option One: XY-CS5 Carbon Sulfur Analyzer, XY-FB Micro Element Analyzer, XY-A Arc Burner, MP16 Printer
This solution adopts a fully-automatic operation split design, which is composed of two instruments and is called a set. It can detect the detection of five elements of carbon, sulfur, manganese, phosphorus, and silicon in steel and some of the alloy materials such as chromium, nickel, molybdenum, etc. The element detection, instrument operation time is XY-CS5 carbon sulfur analyzer 45 seconds from the sample to join the instrument print out the test results, XY-FB microcomputer element analyzer from the sample color into the cuvette within 2 seconds Display the test results; The advantages of the device The latest technology, microcomputer-controlled automatic endpoint color recognition system, can print the test report required for filing. The microcomputer element analyzer uses a zero negative voltage automatic adjustment system. Select the program to set up the laboratory all costs within 20,000 yuan.
Option 2: XY-CS6 carbon and sulfur analyzer, XY-FC microcomputer element analyzer, XY-A arc burner, electronic balance, MP16 printer
The program is currently the best-selling, cost-effective model in the country, in addition to all the features of the above program, also equipped with electronic balance to achieve a quantitative sample, steel gear switch to save the operator's operating time; this set of equipment uses imported yuan Device, device motherboard three protection system, so that the instrument control part of the failure will be the lowest. Select the program to set up the laboratory all costs within 3 yuan.
Option 3: XY-QF9 computer multi-element analyzer, XY-A arc burner, electronic balance, Lenovo, HP printer
The program adopts an integrated design of a set of instruments that not only detects five elements, but also detects nearly 100 elements in various materials such as stainless steel, aluminum alloys, and copper alloys, uses branded computer software controls, and has powerful software processing capabilities. The instrument has always been in the ranks of high-end instruments.
Solution 4: XY-TG3P furnace front carbon silicon rapid analyzer, XY-TG4L hot metal quality analyzer
This program combines the two types of models, generally only for cast iron companies to choose, cast iron in the production process before the furnace control only the rapid and accurate detection of the original molten iron in order to produce high-quality castings.
XY-TG3P Pre-Carbon Silicon Rapid Analyzer quickly performs hot metal temperature (liquid phase temperature, solid phase temperature), carbon content, silicon content, carbon equivalent, co-crystallinity, and deterministic tensile strength index in 2 minutes Check and print. The instrument price is between 5000-7000.
XY-TG4L hot metal mass analyzer in 3 minutes to the hot metal temperature (liquid phase temperature, solid temperature), carbon content, silicon content, carbon equivalent, co-crystallinity, calculated tensile strength; tensile strength of non-alloy cast iron Intensity RM, hardness HB, quality coefficient R/H, number of co-clusters MEG, and graphitization factor K are tested, and the shortage of materials can be calculated automatically based on the measured compositional content, the amount of molten iron that has been set, the target composition, and the material retention rate. Quantity, according to the material requirements and measurement results automatically calculate the amount of feed to facilitate the rapid adjustment of carburizing agent, ferrosilicon, scrap steel added to the furnace, so that C%, Si% into the target upper and lower limits. Temperature compensation can be set and printed. This set of instruments costs between 30,000 and 40,000.
Scheme 5: XY-2011B Automatic Infrared Carbon and Sulfur Analyzer, XY-1HW High Frequency Infrared Carbon and Sulfur Analyzer, XY-FD Computer Multi-Element Analyzer
The program uses infrared detection of carbon and sulfur, detection accuracy and range C: 0.001-10.0000% (expandable), S: 0.0005-0.3500% (expandable). The automatic infrared carbon-sulfur analyzer is the most accurate carbon-sulfur analyzer in China. The detection time can be used for quantitative or non-quantitative analysis of carbon and sulfur in 40 seconds. Other elements and solutions are the same, such as ultra-low requirements. Detection of carbon stainless steel, refractories, glass, lime, cement and other elements. This set of plans is suitable for the use of high product requirements such as military enterprises, aerospace, import and export trade and other corporate sectors, the instrument supporting the price of 40,000 to 90,000.
Option 6: XY-8000 Direct Reading Spectrometer
This set of spectrum analyzer is capable of carbon steel, high, medium and low alloy steel, various grades of cast iron, and alloy cast iron in iron and steel enterprises within 30 seconds without destroying samples; various metals in foundry companies such as: Aluminum alloys, magnesium alloys, copper alloys, zinc alloys; rapid inspection of all elements in mechanical and laboratory metal materials. The direct-reading spectrometer is characterized by its fast speed, complete measured elements, and convenient operation, which can't be achieved by other instruments. For example, aluminum alloys, magnesium alloys, zinc alloys, and many other non-ferrous metals are not controlled by the furnace, except that the spectrum analyzer does not have any equipment to analyze all elements in a short time. Price between 200,000 - 280,000.
The above solutions are only for customers' reference. For more products, please refer to the website's product catalog selection: Xinyao Products
Scheme I, Scheme II, Scheme III, and Plan 5 Laboratory can refer to: Iron and steel industry laboratory solutions to many problems
Fourth, select points
Various types of foundry companies can choose their own analysis requirements for their own scale, use, budgetary costs and product requirements. They can choose the equipment and equipment produced by regular manufacturers. They do not need to pursue high prices, and not the highest-priced instruments are the best, such as steel companies The five elements in the iron and steel materials can be satisfied by either the furnace control or the furnace after the configuration of the first to third solutions. The most suitable for their own corporate testing needs is the best.
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