New generation of migrant workers into the dual margins of urban and rural areas: 80% will not do farm work

More than 90% desire to stay in the city, but only 5% can buy a house to settle; the life in the city is rich and colorful, but they suffer “emotional loneliness”; the country homeland is still their spiritual “homeland”, but eight adults will not It is not easy to go back to farm work.

A survey report on the recent furnace in Anhui, a major province of rural migrant workers in China, has triggered a renewed focus on a group of “new generations of migrant workers who are further away from home but not necessarily closer to the city”. Some media also claimed that they are "double marginal people" who sway between urban and rural areas.

More than a dozen deputies from Hefei City in Anhui Province recently conducted a large-scale survey of the status quo of new generations of migrant workers and found that 80% of the new generation of migrant workers basically do not farm work, and 38% never had experience in farming. In addition, “compared to their fathers, they lived in a superior life. They did not suffer from hunger, did not suffer from cold, and the issue of food and clothing had no concept in their minds,” but “endurance and hardship are far from their parents”.

The new generation of migrant workers have a higher pursuit of their careers, and their main choice is to seek development, learn technology, and earn more money. 90.73% of the new generation of migrant workers prefer to stay in the city, and 57% of the respondents want to settle in the city.

However, more than half of the respondents stated that they lack a sense of belonging to the cities they work for. It is difficult to integrate into the city due to the lack of social security under the dual structure of urban and rural areas, but also due to the fact that the strong emotional and spiritual needs are not met.

After 80, the farmer Chen Qingliang is now an inspector of a company in Hefei High-tech Zone. In his hometown of Guoyang, Anhui Province, Guoyang County, June and July are busy seasons. The elderly parents are busy with summer harvest and summer farming. At this time, he was huddling a bus on the road to work. "I have been going to school since I was little, and I haven't been able to farm a bit. I can't help going back."

Chen Qingliang and his girlfriend were “dwelling” in a hut less than ten square meters far from the unit. “The rent here is relatively low, and it is a rough house. The bed is from the second-hand market.”

In order to build his own "little nest" in the city, Chen Qingliang worked tirelessly. He had a nine-month business trip a year, and bumping the car for 30 hours a week was a common occurrence.

In spite of this, he took a meager salary: 2,100 yuan a month, 20 yuan a day on business trips. The bonus depends on the company's effectiveness.

"I wouldn't plant the land or plant the land. It's no longer realistic for me to return to the countryside. I lived in this city for 7 years and had a deep feeling, but the commodity house was more than 6,000 yuan per square meter. I wanted to It is also far from reachable to take root," said Chen Qingliang.

According to statistics, the total number of new generation of migrant workers born in China in 1980 and beyond is more than 84 million, accounting for 58.4% of the total number of migrant workers. Chen Qingliang’s contradictions haunt many of them.

Wang Kaiyu, a well-known sociologist in Anhui Province who has long studied the problems of migrant workers in China, pointed out that the migrant workers in the urban and rural areas are the problems faced by China’s urbanization process. It stems from the income level, labor environment, and amateur cultural life between urban and rural areas in China. The gap in such aspects is still obvious; due to the fact that the income from grain production is still low, agricultural production cannot achieve the ideals of young people, and the social security system is still not perfect.

According to the above survey in Anhui Province, the proportion of new generation of migrant workers participating in social insurance is relatively low, and the proportions of old-age pension, medical insurance, and unemployment insurance are 21.3%, 34.8%, and 8.5% respectively. Most of the objects of protection for low-income urban residents are local urban household registration populations, and migrant workers basically have no right to enjoy this protection. Nor can they enjoy the welfare policies such as mortgage loans for public housing purchases as they do in urban areas. In addition, more than half of people consider "emotional loneliness" as the first choice to be difficult to integrate into the city.

He lives in Lutong County, Zhoukou City, Henan Province. He is currently an assembly worker at a fitness equipment factory in Xiamen. He goes to work at 8 o'clock every day and goes to work at 10 o'clock in the evening. He only rests for two days a month. The work is too busy and tired. The wife and children in the family are worried about his rating. There is no entertainment during the break, only to the Internet cafes and wives and children in the video to see the previous side.

Pu Chuan sees want to receive the family to the city, but the "home plot" in the heart is always lingering, "remembering the mountain, the water, the folks who have nothing to say, my heart is always warm." Says, "If I can't stay in town, I'm going to do another 5 or 6 years, and I'll go back to my hometown to open a small supermarket."

Sociologists pointed out that too many young and old migrant workers are reluctant to go back to farming and will lead to a series of social problems in China. For example, a large number of rural old people “have nowhere in the old”; the security of the village deteriorates; the construction of rural grassroots organizations is scarce; modern agriculture Weakness in promotion; insufficient capacity for urban resettlement; increased disputes between citizens and migrant workers.

Wang Kaiyu pointed out that changing the embarrassing position of the new generation of migrant workers requires that the government continue to pay attention to the development of new countryside from a policy orientation, increase investment from financial funds, and constantly improve the appearance of rural areas; it is necessary to stabilize the prices of agricultural materials and grain in terms of More preferential agricultural policies have been introduced to allow farmers to earn more food. On the other hand, government departments must strengthen social management innovation and the provision of public services, improve the design of urbanization systems, and provide a solid institutional guarantee for the integration of new generations of migrant workers into cities.

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