Water source heat pump knowledge introduction
Water source heat pump works
Shallow water sources on the surface of the Earth, such as groundwater, surface rivers, lakes and oceans with depths of 1,000 meters, absorb the solar radiation entering the Earth, and the temperature of these water sources is generally very stable. The principle of water source heat pump unit is to transfer the heat in the building to the water source in the summer. Since the temperature of the water source is low, the heat can be efficiently taken away, and in winter, the energy is extracted from the water source by the heat pump principle and is cooled by air or water Agent to raise the temperature to the building. Usually water source heat pump pumps consume 1kW of energy, users can get more than 4kW of heat or cold. Water source heat pump according to the different ways of using water can be divided into two kinds of closed system and open system. Closed system refers to the water side of a group of closed loop heat exchange coil, the group of coils are generally buried horizontally or vertically in the lake or sea water, heat transfer with the lake or sea water to achieve energy transfer The system in which the pipe is directly buried in the soil is called a ground-source heat pump and is also a type of ground-source heat pump. The open system refers to a system that discharges directly from a ground or a surface through a heat exchanger. Water source heat pump both in the heating or cooling process are water as a heat source and cooling medium, that is, with switching refrigerant circuit to achieve heating and cooling operation. However, it is more convenient to complete the three-way valve in the water circuit. Although the water source heat pump system diagram shows the direct entry of water into the evaporator (condenser for cooling purposes), in some cases, in order to avoid contamination of the closed cold water system (usually treated), an indirect heat exchanger To supply water; another way is to use a closed loop condenser water system. Water as a heat pump heating, cooling medium, to meet the following two conditions can be used: First, the water temperature between 7 ℃ ~ 30 ℃, the second is the amount of water to be adequate. Water source water can be a variety of industrial wastewater, domestic water, sea water, river, river, etc., and even a variety of industrial waste heat. Extraction of water in the hot (cold) volume is relatively easy way to dig wells, the use of well pump groundwater extraction as a recycling medium. Winter, groundwater as a "heat source", a steady stream of groundwater above 7 ℃ heat pump units through the evaporator raised about 4 ℃ above the heat, it dropped to 3 ℃ and then back to the ground, the water flow in the underground seepage process But also absorb the underground heat, the temperature rose to 7 ℃ above, and then be raised up, so constantly circulating, unit heat absorbed by the unit condenser again, to heat the heating of the water system, the water temperature up to 55 ℃, the temperature has become the best temperature for air conditioning heating (national standard 45 ℃) and floor heating (national standard 40 ℃); in summer, the use of groundwater (water temperature below 14 ℃) to do cooling water, and conventional refrigeration equipment is The use of cooling tower cooling, the water temperature is generally 30 ℃ ~ 40 ℃, the groundwater in summer only 14 ℃ ~ 18 ℃, than the cooling water temperature is lower than 16 ℃ ~ 22 ℃, thereby enhancing the efficiency of the unit reached Energy saving, reducing consumption. Transition season, the application of central air conditioning can be considered groundwater pumping directly up as a refrigerant input system, does not require the unit boot operation, you can save a lot of energy.
Water source heat pump features
Surface soil and water bodies are not only huge solar collectors that collect 47% of the solar radiation energy, more than 500 times the annual energy use of human beings (underground water bodies receive indirect solar radiation energy through the soil) and are A huge dynamic energy balance system, the soil and water on the surface naturally maintain a relative balance of energy reception and divergence. This makes it possible to utilize near-infinite solar or geothermal energy stored therein. Water source heat pump unit takes water as carrier and collects low-grade heat energy from lake, river, groundwater and geothermal tailwater, and even industrial wastewater and sewage in winter to obtain energy for indoor heating; in summer, the indoor heat is taken out and released into water, To achieve the purpose of the summer air-conditioning cooling. As the water source heat pump technology uses surface water as the heat source of air conditioning units, it has the following advantages: 1) significant environmental benefits Water source heat pump is the use of surface water as a source of heat and energy, energy conversion heating and air conditioning systems. When heating, the boiler room system of coal, gas, oil and so on is eliminated, there is no combustion process, and pollution such as exhaust smoke and sewage is avoided; the cooling water tower is saved when cooling, and the noise, mildew pollution of the cooling tower and Water consumption. So, a water source heat pump uses a technology that is clean and renewable. 2) The available water temperature of high efficiency water source heat pump unit is 12 ~ 22 ℃ in winter and the temperature of water body is higher than the ambient air temperature, so the evaporation temperature of the heat pump cycle increases and the energy efficiency ratio also increases. The summer water body is 18-35 ° C, and the temperature of the water body is lower than the ambient air temperature. Therefore, the condensation temperature of the cooling decreases, making the cooling effect better than that of the air-cooling and cooling towers, and the unit efficiency is improved. According to the EPA of the United States Environmental Protection Agency, the design and installation of a good water source heat pump can save 30-40% of the heating and cooling air-conditioners on average. 3) Energy-saving water source The heat pump uses electricity itself as a clean energy source, but consumes primary energy and generates emissions of greenhouse gases such as pollutants and carbon dioxide when generating electricity. Well-designed water-source heat pump units, compared with air-source heat pumps, are equivalent to reducing power consumption by more than 30%, which is equivalent to reducing power consumption by more than 70% compared to electric heating. Therefore, the water source heat pump energy saving at the same time also reduces and reduces the generation of electricity generated during primary pollution emissions and greenhouse effect. 4) Wide range of applications Can be widely used in hotels, office buildings, schools, shopping malls, villas, residential district central heating and cooling, and other commercial and industrial building air conditioning, and can be used for swimming pools, dairy processing, beer brewing , Cold forging, cold storage and indoor planting and breeding industries such as temperature. 5) A multi-purpose machine can use a set of equipment for cooling, but also for heating, but also provide hot water. For air-conditioning system, a heat pump provides two heat sources, saving one-time investment, the total investment is only 60% of traditional air-conditioning systems, and easy to install, installation work less than other air-conditioning systems, short installation period, Change the installation is also easy. 6) high degree of automation High water source heat pump unit due to stable conditions, so you can design a simple system; fewer components, a high degree of automatic control. 7) There is no pollution refrigerant water heat pump technology used, it can be R22 or R134A, R407 and R410A alternatives such as co-quality. Water source heat pump unit operation without any pollution, no combustion, no smoke, does not produce any waste, waste water, waste gas and soot, so that the environment more beautiful. Can be built in residential areas, do not need to pile up fuel waste sites, and do not have long-distance transport of heat. 8) stable, reliable, easy to maintain water temperature is relatively stable throughout the year, the scope of its fluctuations is much smaller than the air changes, is a good heat pump heat source and air-conditioning cold source. The constant temperature of water body makes the operation of heat pump unit more reliable and stable, and also ensures the high efficiency and economy of the system. There are no difficult problems such as winter defrosting of air source heat pump. As the system is simple, less crew components, simple operation, stable, relatively speaking, much lower maintenance costs, the service life can be longer than 20 years.
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