What is the adjustment of corn planting structure?

What is the adjustment of corn planting structure?

Recently, domestic corn provincial-level reserve grain rotation auctions and targeted sales and other related destocking policies have been gradually implemented, and corn auction prices have fallen. The profitability of pig farming remained high and the purchase of corn began to increase. These changes for Zhang Yanhua, a farmer in Dongxing Village, Songyuan City, Jilin Province, mean that “corn is not worth the money in the past”.

Zhang Yanhua, who has planted corn for more than a decade, reduced the planting area for the first time. In the past years, he planted 7 垧 (70 mu) and only planted 4 今年 this year. Zhang Yanhua is worried that the compensation will be much more. "The national policy has changed. Who knows the price of corn at the fall harvest."

At the end of March, the National Development and Reform Commission and other departments jointly released information that in 2016, the three northeastern provinces and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region adjusted the temporary corn storage policy to a new mechanism of “market-based acquisition” and “subsidy”. On April 30th, the northeast region canceled the corn temporary storage purchase policy implemented from 2008, and the corn market ushered in price adjustment and destocking.

A few days after the new policy was announced, Zhang Yanhua heard some people in the village talking about and guessing the price of corn purchases in the fall, but "no one can tell."

Six months before the launch of the new policy, the state lowered the purchase price of temporary storage corn in the three northeastern provinces and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, priced at 1 yuan / kg, down 0.12 yuan from last year.

Unfortunately, last year, many corn in Jilin Province suffered from drought during the heading period, and many plots reduced production by nearly half. Zhang Yanhua calculated the account, each corn can sell about 7,000 yuan, minus the cost, busy for a year, not only did not make money, but each lost 5,000 yuan.

Despite the loss of land, what is the purchase price and subsidy for corn this fall, Zhang Yanhua is still confused. Before and after May 1st coincided with the corn planting season in Jilin Province, she still planted corn.

After the corn purchase policy was adjusted, the price of rural land rent in many provinces in Jilin Province fell. Zhang Yanhua said that if the rain is normal, you can still make money.

It is understood that in November 2015, the Ministry of Agriculture formulated and issued the “Guiding Opinions on the Adjustment of Corn Structure in the “Sickle Bend” Area” (hereinafter referred to as “Guiding Opinions”). The “Shovel Bend” area, including the northeast cold area, the northern farming-pastoral area, the northwest wind-sand arid area, the Taihang Mountain area and the southwest rocky desertification area, shows a curved distribution from the northeast to the north-southwest-northwest in the topographic map. It is the key area for corn structure adjustment. The area is a typical dry farming area and a dominant area for animal husbandry development. The ecological environment is fragile and the corn yield is low and unstable. The "Guidance Opinions" clearly proposes to reduce corn, mainly to change the soybeans, silage corn, miscellaneous grains, beans, potatoes, alfalfa, pasture and other crops needed by the market. By 2020, the area of ​​corn in the “Shovel Bend” area will be reduced by more than 50 million mu, and it is planned to reduce the area by more than 10 million mu this year. According to data from the Jilin Provincial Agriculture Committee, Jilin Province, which is in the “sickle bend” area this year, plans to reduce the corn planting area by 3 million mu.

“If other food crops make money than corn, of course, we are willing to adjust the planting structure.” Zhang Yanhua said that she is not familiar with the cultivation methods of other crops, and does not know the corresponding market.

In the past few years, Li Li of Dagujiazi Village, Tiedong District, Siping City, Jilin Province has been planting two corn fields. She believes that despite the market price of corn this year, the country will still have the bottom and subsidies. Replanting other crops is not as good as corn. In Dagujiazi Village, there are not many farmers like Li Li.

She is also very envious of the neighboring villages operating vegetable greenhouses and developing order farming. However, there is no corresponding encouragement policy in the village. No one takes the lead and the family does not dare to try it. Li Li said that the Dagujiazi Village is mostly a hillside, the soil quality is poor, and the cooperatives are not in sight.

In the grain-producing county and the national key commodity grain base in Zhangshu City, Jilin Province, the days of local farmers are better.

In 2016, the central government's special funds supported the pilot projects of black land protection and utilization in 17 grain-producing counties in Northeast China, and four counties and cities in Zhangshu City, Nong'an County, Gongzhuling City and Ningjiang District of Jilin Province were included.

This year, the pilot plot of Yushu City will implement corn and soybean rotation, and after planting soybeans for one year, it will be replaced by two-year corn.

Shao Jianting, deputy director of the Agriculture Bureau of Yushu City, told reporters that this year, the newly added soybean planting area was 32,600 mu, and the subsidy for farmers was 400 yuan per mu. "The soil of eucalyptus is good, and the corn yield is among the highest in the province." Shao Jianting said that if farmers do not grow corn to replant other crops, they must have the state's encouragement and subsidy policies to follow the actual results.

Considering the higher efficiency of concentrated soybean planting, the Eucalyptus Soybean Pilot Project was allocated to local planting cooperatives and family farms.

Local planting structure adjustments have begun to take effect. This year, eucalyptus corn planting area was 4.2 million mu, which was more than 200,000 mu less than last year. In addition to the newly added soybean planting, there are also 20,000 mu of dry land converted into paddy fields, and the number of economic crop growers such as watermelon, melon and sunflower has also increased significantly.

Li Dadong, who has planted corn for more than 20 years, planted soybeans on a large scale for the first time this year, and contracted 1,350 mu of soybeans with the other four of the agricultural planting cooperatives.

To this end, Li Dadong deliberately learned the soybean planting technology at Heilongjiang Agricultural Technology College. He told reporters that the reason why they dare to grow soybeans in large areas is that the state has subsidies, and the second is that friends opened soybean oil plants and can buy soybeans.

However, this year Li Dadong still planted 200 acres of corn. Most of the other 40 members of the cooperative still continue to grow corn. For the production of the big county eucalyptus on the golden corn belt, nothing is more worry-free and more productive than the corn. Before and after sowing, there were several timely rains. Many farmers estimated that the harvest should be good this year.

Hu Wenhe, a professor at the Agricultural College of Jilin Agricultural University, often visits the fields to guide farmers to plant. In his view, for the national corn adjustment and acquisition policy, the intention to reduce the planting area, farmers have not fully understood, mostly in the state of corn while watching.

Hu Wenhe introduced that in this year, Jilin Province has more crops such as sorghum, millet, red beans and mung beans, peanuts and potatoes. In his view, corn suitable for corn cultivation should continue to grow corn, and for cold and dry plots, planting structure adjustment is imperative.

In order to cope with and resolve the contradictions and problems brought about by the policy adjustment, the Grain Bureau of Jilin Province issued the “Opinions on the Implementation of the Work on the Reform of the Corn Storage System”. Wang Tao, director of the Regulation Department of the Jilin Provincial Grain Bureau, said that they are conducting the investigation of the quantity and capacity of the province's storage and storage enterprises, deep processing and feed enterprises, and researching the corn market acquisition plan and guiding enterprises that are conducive to protecting the interests of farmers and reducing the financial burden. Actively enter the market to purchase market grain supporting measures.

What Zhang Yanhua hopes is that the final corn purchase price and subsidy policy will allow her to make money. "If you lose money, you will not rent it and plan to do business."

(Original title: How many farmers can keep up with the pace of planting structure adjustment?)