Barite - Celestite
[Chemical composition] wherein Ba[SO 4 ]—Sr[SO 4 ] is a completely homogeneous image, and Pb, Ca, Ra, etc. may also be present in the composition. Since the complex anion [SO 4 ] 2- tetrahedron has a large radius of 0.295 nm, it can form stable minerals only when combined with the large radius divalent cations Ba 2+ , Sr 2+ , and Pb 2+ .
[Crystal structure] orthorhombic system; 
; barite unit cell parameters: a 0 = 0.888 nm, b 0 = 0.545 nm, c 0 = 0.715 nm; Z = 4. 1149 ° C or more converted to high temperature hexagonal variant. The celestite unit cell parameters: a 0 =0.836 nm, b 0 = 0.535 nm, c 0 =0.687 nm; Z=4. The transition to a high temperature hexagonal variant above 1152 °C. In the crystal structure of sulfate minerals, the coordination number of cations is generally high, and the coordination number of Ba, Sr and Pb is 12.
Figure H-14 Barite - crystal of lapis lazuli
(quoted from Pan Zhaoyu, 1993)
Parallel double-sided: c{001}; oblique square: m{210}, o{011}, d{101}
Figure H-15 Barite crystal
[Form] Crystals often develop into plates in {001}, sometimes in the form of columns, and a few are three-dimensionally equal (Figures H-14, H-15).
[Physical properties] The characteristics of barite are: pure crystals are colorless and transparent, generally white, grayish white, light yellow, brown; glass luster; cleavage surface is pearl luster. The cleave {001} is complete, {210} medium. Cleavage angle {001}∧{210}=9°, (210)∧(2 0) > 90°. Hardness 3 to 3.5. The relative density is 4.3 to 4.5. The characteristics of lapis lazuli are: sky blue, hence the name celestite, with a relative density of 3.9 to 4. Other homograin.
[genesis and occurrence] Barite is mainly produced in low-temperature hydrothermal veins, and can also be produced in sedimentary rocks and appears as tuberculosis. Celestite is mainly sedimentary. In the sedimentary marl in the Qixia Formation of South China, lapis lazuli is produced radially, commonly known as chrysanthemum stone (Figure H-16). It has been used as a handicraft for hundreds of years. Figure H-17 is a processed chrysanthemum stone artwork. . Both barite and celestite are deposited as the main, because the sulfur in [SO 4 ] 2- is a positive hexavalent, the highest valence of sulfur, requiring a surface oxidation state.
[Identification characteristics] plate-like crystal form, three groups of medium to complete cleavage, the cleavage block has a diamond shape on the (100) plane, and {001}∧{210}=90°. HCl and does not work with distinguished carbonate minerals to the wet HCl, barite yellow-green dye into the flame (flame barium) with a deep purple celestite (strontium flame) difference. The hardness is small, and the relative density is different from that of feldspar .
[Main use] Barite is a raw material for extracting Ba. Grinding into fine powder can be used as a weighting agent for drilling mud. It can also be used in chemical reagents and medicine. It can be used as a white pigment and is the main raw material for painting the walls of the Roentgen Radiation Laboratory. It can also be used as a filler in the rubber and paper industry to increase its weight and smoothness. Celestite is a raw material for extracting Sr.
Figure H-16 lapis lazuli chrysanthemum stone Figure H-17 celestite chrysanthemum stone crafts
(According to Yan Jiaxin, Zhao Shanrong, produced in Liuyang, Hunan, 1998) (according to Yan Jiaxin)
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