Truck crane operation essentials
As a crane operator, in addition to strictly implementing the relevant regulations, it is necessary to delve into operating techniques, sum up experiences and lessons, and improve the ability to prevent accidents. Xiaobian asks crane operators for many years and summarizes the essentials of crane operation. "," "fast", "steady."
Must be lifted "falling point", "in place" and "accuracy." To achieve “precisionâ€, operators must make accurate judgments about the horizontal distance and vertical height that the hangers must pass, and fully consider the performance and inertia of the crane. When the joystick is operated, the advance amount of returning to the zero position is further grasped so that the hanging can be placed in a stable and accurate manner.
For lifting installations of large components, machines, and equipment, it is sometimes required to be accurate to millimeters. This is "precision". At this time, the lifting or lowering of the hook is required to “fine movementâ€. Only by fully grasping the performance of the crane and having certain experience accumulated can it be done at will.
“Assessment of accuracy†means that the driver is not overloaded and requires the driver to estimate the weight of the suspension. If the weight of the load cannot be grasped, and the crane is operated under conditions of overweight and over-torque, the various mechanisms and components are in an abnormal state, and there may be such serious accidents as braking failure, wire rope breakage, truck-lifting, and tilting. The operator should calculate the weight of the suspension by accurate measurement, and take proper arm distance and operation method on this basis. At the same time, during the lifting phase, the rope should be fully “strengthened†and then slowly lifted off the ground, and then increase gears one by one.
Fast refers to multiple cranes and fast cranes, fully and reasonably exerting the effectiveness of cranes and increasing labor productivity. The "fast" must be based on "steadiness" and "precision", and it must be based on security. However, sometimes it is not safe, safe, and sometimes fast in the crane operation. For example, for a long-distance descent of a load, it is not allowed to use a reverse braking stage to perform a long-distance low-speed descent in operation to avoid electrical heating and accidents. For another example, when a crane flips a large workpiece, whether it is “turn overâ€, “roll over†or “turn overâ€, it is required to be fast, that is, the moment when the object is turned to the maximum, or when it can turn itself on itself. Requires the driver to fall quickly and at the same time with the Enter.
In addition, in special circumstances, it is also required that the operation with the crane should be quick. One is that a brake malfunctions or the control handle loses control during crane operation. The second is the need for cranes to participate in emergency rescue. At this time, the crane operators are required to react quickly and take various unconventional emergency measures as appropriate to minimize the possibility of a vicious accident.
Steady this is the first thing that must be done with the crane. Steady, mainly refers to hanging in the process of operation, in place to maintain a stable state, to avoid the impact of swimming phenomenon. The smooth operation of the hooks is related to the coordinated actions of the various crane mechanisms. Take the bridge door machine, the first start should be stable. To start from a low gear, after the hooks move, they gradually accelerate from the low gear to the high gear. At this time, the hook and the hanging can smoothly transition from the rest state to the start state, and then run smoothly from the low speed. Transition to high speed operation. Second, the brake must be smooth. There is a braking phase during the high-speed operation to the stoppage of the suspension. In the preparatory phase of braking, the driver should return the master controller one by one from the high gear to the low gear and then back to the zero position. If you directly return to zero from the high gear, the result is that the hooks and hangings are not only produced, but also produce strong shaking and impact. The strong braking of the winch mechanism will also cause the brake friction elements to wear excessively, increase the distance between hooks, and even cause the brakes to malfunction due to the high heat of the brake wheels and brake shoes. Heavy objects fall to the ground and cause accidents.
For cantilever-mounted cranes, the operation is much more difficult than the bridge-door crane. In order to make the hook run smoothly, the operation of the rotary mechanism is particularly critical. In addition to paying attention to the smooth operation of the starting and braking stages, the swinging phenomenon of the hook and hanging objects in the air should also be avoided. The basic principle that should be mastered is: The moment the hook swings to the maximum and hasn't slung back, move the trolley in the direction of the swing of the hook, which side the hook will swing to, and which direction the car will follow. At this time, the crane can gradually eliminate the sway by transferring the hoisting wire rope to the hook in a direction opposite to the swing back of the hook. Cantilever cranes use booms to follow up, calling them "finding hooks." The trick of "finding hooks" is that the distance and speed of follow-up must be just right. The speed of follow-up should not be too slow, otherwise it will be counterproductive. In this way, the hook and the hanging can be in a relatively stable state through repeated operations.
Another implication of the "steadiness" of the truck crane operation is that the smooth shifting of the controller can avoid overloading of the motor or impact of the transmission mechanism and prolong the life of the electromechanical components.
With the crane hanging in the lifting operation, the lifting operation involves a wide range of high-altitude, low-altitude three-dimensional operation, the construction environment is complex, the group, multi-layer, the construction of dangerous, a little careless, it will cause an accident, of course, with the car crane Lifting accidents often involve aspects such as job design, program development, cooperation and mutual protection, environmental characteristics, and climate factors. Therefore, we must do a good job in the safe work of lifting operations and strictly abide by the scientific affairs.
Must be lifted "falling point", "in place" and "accuracy." To achieve “precisionâ€, operators must make accurate judgments about the horizontal distance and vertical height that the hangers must pass, and fully consider the performance and inertia of the crane. When the joystick is operated, the advance amount of returning to the zero position is further grasped so that the hanging can be placed in a stable and accurate manner.
For lifting installations of large components, machines, and equipment, it is sometimes required to be accurate to millimeters. This is "precision". At this time, the lifting or lowering of the hook is required to “fine movementâ€. Only by fully grasping the performance of the crane and having certain experience accumulated can it be done at will.
“Assessment of accuracy†means that the driver is not overloaded and requires the driver to estimate the weight of the suspension. If the weight of the load cannot be grasped, and the crane is operated under conditions of overweight and over-torque, the various mechanisms and components are in an abnormal state, and there may be such serious accidents as braking failure, wire rope breakage, truck-lifting, and tilting. The operator should calculate the weight of the suspension by accurate measurement, and take proper arm distance and operation method on this basis. At the same time, during the lifting phase, the rope should be fully “strengthened†and then slowly lifted off the ground, and then increase gears one by one.
Fast refers to multiple cranes and fast cranes, fully and reasonably exerting the effectiveness of cranes and increasing labor productivity. The "fast" must be based on "steadiness" and "precision", and it must be based on security. However, sometimes it is not safe, safe, and sometimes fast in the crane operation. For example, for a long-distance descent of a load, it is not allowed to use a reverse braking stage to perform a long-distance low-speed descent in operation to avoid electrical heating and accidents. For another example, when a crane flips a large workpiece, whether it is “turn overâ€, “roll over†or “turn overâ€, it is required to be fast, that is, the moment when the object is turned to the maximum, or when it can turn itself on itself. Requires the driver to fall quickly and at the same time with the Enter.
In addition, in special circumstances, it is also required that the operation with the crane should be quick. One is that a brake malfunctions or the control handle loses control during crane operation. The second is the need for cranes to participate in emergency rescue. At this time, the crane operators are required to react quickly and take various unconventional emergency measures as appropriate to minimize the possibility of a vicious accident.
Steady this is the first thing that must be done with the crane. Steady, mainly refers to hanging in the process of operation, in place to maintain a stable state, to avoid the impact of swimming phenomenon. The smooth operation of the hooks is related to the coordinated actions of the various crane mechanisms. Take the bridge door machine, the first start should be stable. To start from a low gear, after the hooks move, they gradually accelerate from the low gear to the high gear. At this time, the hook and the hanging can smoothly transition from the rest state to the start state, and then run smoothly from the low speed. Transition to high speed operation. Second, the brake must be smooth. There is a braking phase during the high-speed operation to the stoppage of the suspension. In the preparatory phase of braking, the driver should return the master controller one by one from the high gear to the low gear and then back to the zero position. If you directly return to zero from the high gear, the result is that the hooks and hangings are not only produced, but also produce strong shaking and impact. The strong braking of the winch mechanism will also cause the brake friction elements to wear excessively, increase the distance between hooks, and even cause the brakes to malfunction due to the high heat of the brake wheels and brake shoes. Heavy objects fall to the ground and cause accidents.
For cantilever-mounted cranes, the operation is much more difficult than the bridge-door crane. In order to make the hook run smoothly, the operation of the rotary mechanism is particularly critical. In addition to paying attention to the smooth operation of the starting and braking stages, the swinging phenomenon of the hook and hanging objects in the air should also be avoided. The basic principle that should be mastered is: The moment the hook swings to the maximum and hasn't slung back, move the trolley in the direction of the swing of the hook, which side the hook will swing to, and which direction the car will follow. At this time, the crane can gradually eliminate the sway by transferring the hoisting wire rope to the hook in a direction opposite to the swing back of the hook. Cantilever cranes use booms to follow up, calling them "finding hooks." The trick of "finding hooks" is that the distance and speed of follow-up must be just right. The speed of follow-up should not be too slow, otherwise it will be counterproductive. In this way, the hook and the hanging can be in a relatively stable state through repeated operations.
Another implication of the "steadiness" of the truck crane operation is that the smooth shifting of the controller can avoid overloading of the motor or impact of the transmission mechanism and prolong the life of the electromechanical components.
With the crane hanging in the lifting operation, the lifting operation involves a wide range of high-altitude, low-altitude three-dimensional operation, the construction environment is complex, the group, multi-layer, the construction of dangerous, a little careless, it will cause an accident, of course, with the car crane Lifting accidents often involve aspects such as job design, program development, cooperation and mutual protection, environmental characteristics, and climate factors. Therefore, we must do a good job in the safe work of lifting operations and strictly abide by the scientific affairs.
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