Hybrid Chinese New Opportunities

In 1997, after four years of research and development, in Japan, an island nation in the Pacific, Toyota Motors, which has not climbed the top of the world's largest car manufacturer, put a peculiar car, the Toyota Hybrid Prius, in the local market.

After 10 years, a survey conducted by Toyota Motor Corp. in Japan shows that using a pure electric vehicle can save 75% of oil compared to conventional electric vehicles, while the use of plug-in hybrid vehicles saves 74% of oil. , only 1% less than the former.

At this time, Toyota's hybrid models have been in the North American market for ten years from start to best-selling, with cumulative sales exceeding 3 million units, of which, alone, Lexus's hybrid model, it has accumulated more than 8.8 billion kilometers. Equivalent to more than 200,000 orbits around the Earth's equator. Toyota, which was the first to transition from traditional power to new energy, has also surpassed old car dealers such as Ford and General Motors, and has become the world's largest car manufacturer.

In October 2011, Changshu, Jiangsu, Toyota's largest global R&D center was completed. Chen Jianguo, deputy director of the Development and Reform Commission's coordination department, said that from the current situation, the market acceptance of plug-in hybrid vehicles is higher than that of pure electric vehicles. It is hoped that Toyota will also contribute its own strength to the next breakthrough in volume of China's new energy vehicles.

Policy "Our next goal is to increase volume"

For the first time, the National Development and Reform Commission publicly affirmed the strategic significance of hybrid technology for the development of new energy vehicles in China, and proposed that Toyota hopes to support the two joint ventures in China, GAC Toyota and FAW Toyota, to actively develop new energy vehicles.

For this “invitation” from the world’s largest auto market, Toyota’s President Toyoda Toyoda, who visited China twice a year, responded in a just-spoken Chinese language: “China is the most important!”

So far, Toyota has introduced the world's best-selling hybrid models Prius and Camry hybrid vehicles into the Chinese market. In November this year, the replacement products of the Camry hybrid will also land in China.

Just a year ago, Toyota teamed up with the China Automotive Research Center to conduct empirical tests on plug-in hybrid vehicles near Tianjin. The demonstration experiment, which will end in March next year, shows positive energy saving and emission reduction effects. Toyota’s vice president of technology, Uchiyamada, revealed that it plans to produce plug-in hybrid vehicles in China in 2013.

In 2009, the global automotive industry suffered a cold spell. After the representatives of the traditional cars and Chrysler entered the muddy bankruptcy protection, the National Development and Reform Commission issued the “Industrial Revitalization Plan”, which clearly stated two important directions for the development of Chinese automobiles: First, Through mergers and acquisitions to achieve large-scale, modernization and internationalization; Second, vigorously develop new energy vehicles. Among them, for the second article, it is clearly proposed that by the end of the 2011 automobile revitalization plan in the three years, the domestic backbone enterprises must develop their own pure electric vehicles.

“At present, the first phase of the goal has been basically achieved,” said Deputy Director Chen Jianguo. “Our next step of planning is to form a market-oriented scale for new energy vehicles in China. At present, it seems that the market acceptance of plug-in hybrid power technology Higher than pure electric vehicles, it is expected to achieve greater breakthroughs in volume.” Toyota's mature plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PH EV) has become the focus of “expectations”.

According to the “Energy-saving and New Energy Vehicle Industry Development Plan” that will be replaced by the “12th Five-Year Plan” of China’s automobile industry, it is proposed that by 2015, the total number of new energy vehicles will reach 500,000 vehicles. The new energy vehicles here include the pure electric and plug-in hybrid models.

"From the current national conditions, the development of electric vehicles is not only limited by technology and price, but also brings new problems, such as electricity generation may bring more carbon emissions, the battery may also cause greater pollution" According to Song Jian, executive vice president of the Institute of Automotive Engineering at Tsinghua University, “When the energy price is high, the advantages of hybrid vehicles will be reflected. In the long run, hybrid vehicles are more likely to be industrialized. ”

Market: When the three mileage tests discuss the development bottleneck of electric vehicles, in addition to the supporting industrial chain issues such as the construction of charging stations, the anxiety of the majority of users often comes from concerns about the mileage of electric vehicles, while car dealers worry about it. From the consideration of battery weight and battery volume.

“In the United States, most people do not have a large daily life radius, and about 80% of the daily mileage is less than 60 kilometers,” said Dr. Chen Zhixiang, MIT Media Lab Smart City Research Group. “If you are selling cars, When he was told that your car could only travel 100 kilometers at most, they immediately fell into deep anxiety, always worrying that their car would be anchored on the way because there was no electricity."

“We have done a wide range of customer research,” Ni Kaiming, president of Volkswagen China, an electric vehicle engineer, said. “The results show that 79% of users in China have to drive around 50 kilometers per day to work; 14% Traveling 50-100 kilometers a day, therefore, approximately 93% of users must travel within 100 kilometers per day.”

"For most urban users, more than half of the people are within 50 kilometers of commute," said a general technical expert.

The findings of the Volkswagen Group and General Motors research on the Chinese and US markets are completely consistent with the results of Toyota's experiments conducted in Japan.

According to a survey released by Toyota Motor Corp in May this year, the use of pure electric vehicles can save 75% of the oil compared with traditional electric vehicles, while the use of plug-in hybrid vehicles saves 74% of oil, only The former is 1% less. “More than half of the people are driving within 20 kilometers per day. They do not need batteries that are so heavy for longer mileage,” said Uchiyama, who also showed in the road test with the China Automotive Research Center. The more the number of charging times, the longer the mileage that can be driven by the pure electric method, the more obvious the energy saving effect.

“We also considered for the remaining 7% of the customers how to provide them with longer-range electric vehicles. In the city, they choose to drive pure electric vehicles or plug-in hybrid vehicles, and adopt traditional driving methods at high speeds. "Ni Kaiming said.

Technology: From hybrid power to pure electric After solving the initial path selection and the start of the industry, in the face of a decade-long “future”, new energy issues will focus on the choice of “energy” itself.

Toyota's technologists have used an analogy. "If the density of gasoline is 1, then the density of hydrogen batteries is 0.3, and the density of lithium batteries is still less than 0.1, which is about 1/7 of the density of hydrogen batteries." The density of batteries is to determine the battery An important parameter indicator between weight and power.

With a simple conversion, you can know that if you replace the fuel tank with an equivalent volume of battery, only the original one-tenth of the power performance. Therefore, "Using current pure electric technology to drive SU V and other large vehicles can not achieve long-distance driving over 100 kilometers, and second, because the speed does not go, can not achieve the driving pleasure of pushing back and the like." Toyota technology Staff said.

In Toyota's long-term planning, taking into account the limitations of battery performance, pure electric vehicles will only be used for short-distance driving in the city. Plug-in hybrid technology can be used for the use of small and medium-sized vehicles in the suburbs. If you want to For long-distance transportation between cities, hydrogen technology must be used (see the attached photo for details).

In the eyes of Toyota, as long as the kinetic energy conversion and motor problems are solved, only the difference in battery size from the hybrid vehicle to the plug-in hybrid vehicle to the pure electric vehicle. "Hybrid technology is a core technology including plug-in hybrid, pure electric, and hydrogen power technologies," said Uchiyama.

Unlike the helplessness of human beings facing energy depletion in the publicity video produced by the Japanese people, our country has a wonderful picture of new energy prospects. However, on the same route, the fundamental reason why the whole planet is engaged in new energy sources is because the oil is about to run out and carbon dioxide emissions are deteriorating the ecological climate of the “earth mother”. It has been almost too old to run for nearly a century instead of traditional internal combustion engines. We need new car trends and need to be the vane of the development of the automobile industry in the next century.

Based on the original purpose and the fundamental goal of “energy saving and emission reduction”, the “10 years” new energy development road in the North American market is reversed. In the actual technology platform, the road to the popularization of new energy is to be realized. Hybrid power and plug-in hybrid power technologies seem to be It is a realistic choice in the early stages of development.

Hybrid vehicle model empirical Camry hybrid car design ideas: In 2010, GAC Toyota put into production the hybrid Camry sedan, becoming a “new energy vehicle” that ordinary people can also use.

Design Highlights: The Camry Hybrid combines a 2.4-liter inline four-cylinder VV Ti engine with an electric motor for a combined power of 140 kilowatts. Based on this power, the acceleration time of the hybrid Camry 0-100km/h is 9.5 seconds. Tests have shown that the mid-speed acceleration time of 60-80km/h is 2.58 seconds, which is far higher than that of the same model and is comparable to the higher-level models. The fuel consumption of the hybrid version of Camry's fuel consumption at constant speed of 90km/h is 5.4L/100km. The fuel consumption is 6.0L/100km in the integrated operating conditions including the urban road conditions.

At present, most hybrid models use parallel or series weak hybrid systems, while the Camry hybrid uses Toyota's latest generation Hybrid Electric Power System (TH S-II), which uses a globally unique combination of engine and electric motors. The best cooperation method has revolutionized the synergy effect between engine and motor power, achieving a technical advantage of 1+1>2. On the basis of guaranteed power, the cart opened the car's low fuel consumption. At the same time, the exhaust emissions of the Camry hybrid vehicles have also been significantly reduced by minimizing fuel consumption. Among them, carbon dioxide emissions have been reduced by nearly 40% compared to gasoline models with the same displacement, equivalent to 80 trees planted in one year. In addition, the emissions of carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and hydrocarbons also decreased by 94%, 90%, and 76%, respectively.

Toyota's plug-in hybrid hybrid Prius design ideas: This is a lithium-ion battery for the first time as a drive battery, the third generation of PR IU S Prius prototype, can be used to externally charge the external rechargeable plug-in hybrid power Concept cars.

--> Design Highlights: The car is not limited by the amount of battery remaining and the perfection of charging facilities. Because of the use of electric energy for charging, it will reduce fuel consumption and reduce carbon dioxide emissions more than hybrid vehicles. PR IU S PLU G-IN HY BR IDConcept's goal is to drive more than 55 kilometers per liter of gasoline (carbon dioxide emission is 42g/km or less). When fully charged, the distance traveled as a pure electric vehicle is 20km or more. When charging with a 100V power supply, it takes about 180 minutes to fully charge, and when using a 200V power supply, it takes about 100 minutes.

Hydrogen Fuel Cell Hybrid FCHV-adv

Design Ideas: Although the concept of hybrid power is still used in terms of power, the hydrogen fuel cell that the vehicle carries is representative of Toyota's efforts in exploring different fuel routes.

Highlights of the design: This car is a hybrid car with a newly designed "T oyota FC Stack" high-performance fuel cell, which improves energy efficiency and avoids one of the causes of global warming - carbon dioxide and major air pollution. Substances such as nitrogen oxides are discharged. It improved the fuel efficiency by 25%, and through the development of Toyota's 70Mpa high-pressure hydrogen storage tank, it succeeded in extending the cruising distance after a hydrogen filling by a factor of 2, reaching a high level of about 830 kilometers [ Based on the Japanese measurement standard (10-15 model) manufacturer's measured value]. In terms of low-temperature start-up performance, the experimental results show that even in a severe cold zone of minus 30 degrees Celsius, the normal start-up and travel of the vehicle can be ensured.

Analysis of hybrid core technology As the core technology of hybrid power, the electronic system for controlling oil and electricity conversion has become the key. At the beginning of the design, Toyota will focus on the drivetrain. Toyota's engineers will achieve higher driving efficiency and lower fuel consumption and exhaust emissions through smartly designed power distribution devices.

At the heart of the hybrid model is a clever gearbox that can link gasoline engines, generators and motors. It allows cars to operate like parallel hybrids -- both electric motors and gasoline engines can drive cars individually or together. The power distribution device also allows the car to operate like a hybrid series car, ie the gasoline engine does not depend on the speed of the car to charge the battery or power the wheels when needed. At the same time, it can also act as a continuously variable transmission (CVT), eliminating the need for manual or automatic transmissions. Finally, because the power distribution device allows the generator to start the engine, the car does not require a starter. Under the control of the power distribution device, the engine runs only within a very narrow speed range, so the gasoline engine can always maintain a superior speed and load, thereby improving fuel efficiency and reducing harmful gas emissions.

When the vehicle accelerates, it is initially powered by the electric motor and the battery. The gear ring of the power distribution device is connected to the motor so that it starts to rotate with the motor. Because the engine is not running, the planet carrier connected to the engine stands still. Since the ring gear is rotating, the planetary gears are also rotating, which causes the sun gear and the generator to rotate. As the car accelerates, the generator rotates at the required speed to keep the engine in a non-operational state. (Southern Metropolis Daily. com SouthernMetropolisDailyMark South are net)

Once it reaches approximately 64 km/h, the petrol opportunity starts. The generator suddenly changes speed, causing the planet carrier to rotate, which starts the engine. Once the engine is running, it maintains a constant speed, and the generator changes its own speed to match the output speed of the motor. If acceleration is difficult, the motor draws extra power from the battery. Once accelerated to highway speed, the car will travel with the joint drive motor and the gasoline engine, all power comes from generators.

The owner interviewed "I don't know what the technical path is, but hybrid vehicles do use fuel-efficient ah. When the air conditioner is switched on in winter, it is basically 6L fuel consumption. It will not exceed 7.5L in the summer, and it is also powered. No worse than 2.4L displacement."

——— Yong Yongguang, a real estate industry practitioner, said in general, “The silence effect is very significant. There was no sound at the start. When I first started using it, I often wondered if it was not activated.”

--- fashion public relations, Ms. Xiaoying Shan "so-called new era of new energy sources, in the final analysis is not put oil savings, cut down the emissions do? Besides, what other indicators can prove that emissions-reduction targets it? ! "

———Ms. Lin, a media practitioner, wrote: Nan Du Reporter Lin Shuwen