Industrial Energy Saving Technology Progress and Application Effect
Tsinghua University, Wen Zongguo
As a large energy consumption industry is China's key areas to promote green development. With the continuous development of the process of industrialization, the level of industrial technology in our country has been greatly improved, and the intensity of industrial energy per unit has been declining. However, the total amount of industrial energy consumption has increased and started to stabilize. Industrial energy-saving is inseparable from the R & D and application of advanced technologies. In the future, energy-saving technologies will still play an important role in ensuring the peak energy consumption in industries, tapping the potential for energy saving and realizing the green transformation and development.
First, China's industrial energy consumption and energy-saving technology status quo
The intensity of industrial energy consumption has been continuously and rapidly declining. The peak of total consumption appears to be around the year of 2020 and remains at a high level. With the further elimination of backward production capacity, the promotion of advanced energy conservation and emission reduction technologies and the implementation of energy-saving technological transformation projects, industrial energy efficiency has been continuously improved and energy consumption per unit of industrial added value has been declining. In 2016, the energy consumption of added value of industrial units above designated size in China was 1.34 tons of standard coal, down 30.2% from 2010. Since 1980, the proportion of total industrial energy consumption in our country has been high and the absolute amount is large. Since the 12th Five-Year Plan, the proportion of industrial energy consumption has remained at around 70%. Until 2014, the energy consumption growth has started to slow down or even stagnated. A number of studies have shown that the peak energy consumption of China's industrial sector is likely to occur around 2020, earlier than the energy consumption sectors such as construction and transportation. This "inflection point" does not obviously appear in a particular year, but it will be slightly repeated with gradual stabilization of energy consumption.
Large-scale technology and equipment trends obvious, some of the industry's technology and equipment to achieve or even leading the international level. In recent years, about 40% of the major industrial products in China have approached or reached the international advanced level in quality, and significant breakthroughs have been made in the development and application of advanced energy-saving technologies in the industry. As a result, the energy consumption per unit of product has been on the decline. There has been a large part of large- Level reached the international advanced level. For example, the comprehensive consumption of electrolytic aluminum and the technological level of large-scale steel enterprises are at the international advanced level. With the advanced technology, cement enterprises participate in the competition in the field of international engineering services extensively, occupying more than 40% of the total contract construction market in the international cement industry. Statistics show that in 2016 the comprehensive energy consumption per unit of industrial blister copper decreased 9.45%, the unit energy consumption of caustic soda 2.08%, the comprehensive energy consumption per ton of cement decreased 1.81%.
Enterprises as the main body of the energy-saving technology innovation system has not yet formed, the industrial development of science and technology support is not yet significant enough. China's key statistics of steel science and technology R & D investment only 1.1% of main business income, far below the level of 3% in developed countries. The supporting policies of energy-saving technological innovation and industrialization of results are not perfect. The large number of small and medium-sized enterprises and the weak capability of research and development and application of energy-saving technologies still present obstacles in the market-oriented application of advanced energy-saving technologies. The above reasons make the average energy consumption per unit of energy consumption of many high-energy-consuming industrial products about 15% higher than the international advanced level. For example, the combined energy consumption per tonne of new dry process clinker dropped to 110 kgce in 2014, but the energy consumption levels in the enterprise are uneven. Taking 5000t / d cement production line as an example, the highest coal consumption test data of some 5000t / d production lines is 108.31 kgce / t, the lowest value is 89.80 kgce / t, the difference between them is 18.51 kgce / t, and some enterprises can not reach the energy efficiency index The new energy consumption limit standard (GB16780-2012 "energy consumption per unit of cement products,") requirements.
Second, industrial energy-saving technological progress and energy saving potential
With the improvement of the technological level in the industrial sector, the potential for saving energy-saving space due to policies driven by industries like electricity, steel and cement is becoming increasingly limited with the reduction of rigid energy-saving measures such as eliminating backward production capacity. The research of Tsinghua University shows that the existing energy conservation and emission reduction measures in the industrial sector in our country are quite adequate. However, we must continue to maintain the continuity and strength of the energy conservation policies so as to ensure the control targets for industrial energy saving and total energy consumption in 2020. Industrial energy consumption is expected to start to decline between 2025 and 2030, providing room for growth in the continuously increasing energy consumption of the consumer sectors such as automobiles and construction. After accounting, with the adjustment of industry structure and the adjustment of technology, the marginal energy saving for further promotion of energy-saving technologies is gradually decreasing and the rate of declining energy consumption intensity will gradually slow down. There is an urgent need to increase advanced and disruptive energy-saving technological innovations And large-scale promotion and application.
Power Industry. The intensity of coal-fired power generation in our country is at a more advanced level in the world, and the 1GW ultra-supercritical units have the largest amount in the world. Coal-fired power generation technology and equipment are constantly developing in the direction of high parameters, large capacity, high efficiency and low emission. The number and installed capacity of 600MW ultra-supercritical coal-fired units of 1000MW and 600MW ranks first in the world with independent intellectual property rights Exporting abroad, unit power generation efficiency can exceed 45%, has reached the international advanced level; secondary reheat power generation technology with independent development and manufacturing capabilities, technical level and the international advanced level quite. Some power generation groups have started the research on 700 ℃ ultra-supercritical units. It is estimated that China will fully grasp the advanced 700 ℃ ultra-supercritical units application technology after 2020 and become the most advanced coal-fired generating unit in the next 20 years. The unit efficiency Will reach 42%, coal consumption will be reduced to 236 g / kWh. In addition, the development of UHV technologies and smart grids will also significantly reduce energy losses in power transmission and distribution.
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