Read the current status of domestic commercialization of electrochemical energy storage

In the past 100 years, the grid has been running without energy storage. But now the situation has changed. Energy storage, as a buffer zone for new energy generation, can improve the quality of power; as a “reservoir” at the transmission end, it can be used to cut peaks and fill valleys; as a “repository” for distributed energy, A new power generation mode that realizes power generation and energy storage. Energy storage has become one of the pillars of the third industrial revolution. For the realization of energy interconnection, its supporting development is just as important as the engine of Mercedes-Benz.

According to Zhang Jing, secretary-general of the Zhongguancun Energy Storage Industry Technology Alliance (CNESA), the energy storage will move from the scale demonstration period to the early stage of commercial application during the 13th Five-Year Plan period.

At present, China's applied energy storage technologies are mainly divided into three categories: physical energy storage based on pumped storage and compressed air storage; thermal storage technology based on molten salt and electrochemical energy storage. Compared with the large amount of application and high maturity of the former two, the electrochemical energy storage technology is slightly younger. With the rapid expansion of the electric vehicle power battery market capacity, large-scale production will bring about a rapid decline in battery costs. On the other hand, the continuous advancement of new technologies such as sodium-sulfur batteries and fuel cells will bring about the development of the energy storage industry. Endless possibilities. The industry generally believes that the energy storage industry, especially in the field of electrochemical energy storage, will usher in the climax of industrialization development around 2020.

Good policy, but the subsidy program is difficult to produce in the short term.

The "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period is the acceleration period for China's energy revolution. As the first year of the "13th Five-Year Plan", China's power market reform will continue to advance in 2016, placing electricity and opening up, building flexible price mechanisms and assisting. The pilot construction of the service market has opened up space for market-oriented applications for energy storage.

In March 2017, the “Guidance on Promoting Energy Storage Technology and Industrial Development (Draft for Comment) was released, and for the first time, the strategic positioning of energy storage was clearly defined: “Storage energy is the promotion of the main energy from fossil energy to renewable energy. "Key technologies" are "the core foundation for building an energy Internet and promoting the development of new energy formats." "It is an important means to enhance the flexibility, economy and safety of traditional power systems." According to Xiu Binglin, deputy director of the Energy Conservation and Technology Equipment Department of the National Energy Administration, the consultation phase has been completed and is being revised and improved, and it is expected to be released as soon as possible.

However, for the energy storage industry, the country still has no targeted subsidy program. The consultation draft also only mentions “incorporating advanced energy storage into the support of special funds such as renewable energy development, distribution network construction, smart grid, etc., and formulating targeted compensation policies according to different application scenarios”. Battery China Network analysis believes that the possibility of introducing a special subsidy program for energy storage in the short term is still small. It is recommended that the regulatory authorities start from the fiscal and taxation adjustment mechanisms to promote the healthy and orderly development of the current industry. According to Battery China Network, a number of leading companies such as Shuangdeng Group, Mengshi Technology, and Zhongtian Storage Energy have actively explored a new model of energy storage commercialization without subsidies.

The market is prosperous and the growth rate is rapid

According to the incomplete statistics of the CNESA project library, as of the end of 2016, the cumulative installed capacity of the globally commissioned electrochemical energy storage projects reached 1769.9 MW, and the compound annual growth rate of the past five years (2012-2016) reached 32%.

In 2016, the cumulative installed capacity of China's put into operation electrochemical energy storage projects reached 243MW. Among them, the installed capacity of newly-invested electrochemical energy storage projects was 101.4MW, an increase of 299%. From the perspective of application distribution, renewable energy grid connection is still the largest application area of ​​China's newly-invested electrochemical energy storage projects in 2016, accounting for 55%.

In the future, with the increasingly clear application value of energy storage in the fields of industrial and commercial users, peaking of renewable energy power, and frequency-assisted auxiliary services, the rapid planning and deployment of projects can predict that China's energy storage industry will continue to maintain strong growth momentum. Authoritative data predict that by the end of 2020, the cumulative installed capacity of China's electrochemical energy storage technology will reach 2GW.

Overview of domestic electrochemical energy storage technology

Although the installed capacity is not large, electrochemical energy storage is the fastest growing in the world, with the fastest growth rate, and it is also the technology with the largest number of current operating projects. At present, electrochemical energy storage technology is a key area for R&D and innovation of energy storage industry in various countries, including lead-acid battery technology, flow battery technology, sodium-sulfur battery technology, and lithium-ion battery technology.

In the short term, lead-acid batteries have the lowest cost, and lithium batteries have the greatest potential in the medium and long term. From the application field, sodium-sulfur batteries and lithium batteries are the most extensive fields, including new energy grid-connected, peak-filling, and distributed applications. From the perspective of cost comparison, the cost of lead-acid batteries is lower than other electrochemical energy storage technologies; benefiting from scale effect and industrial cluster effect, lithium battery costs are falling faster and have the greatest potential in the future; while sodium-sulfur batteries still face the problem of high cost. So now it has not yet achieved large-scale application globally.

From the practical application point of view, in 2006, almost all of the electrochemical energy storage projects put into operation in China used lithium-ion batteries and lead-acid batteries. The newly installed capacity of the two types of technologies accounted for 62% and 37% respectively.

The flow battery with long life and high safety characteristics is also an important development direction of domestic electrochemical energy storage technology. For example, Zhang Huamin, chief engineer of Dalian Rongke Energy Storage Company, led the team to successfully develop all-vanadium liquid energy storage technology, not only taking the lead in realizing the industrialization of energy storage battery projects in the world, but also making China the international standard in this field.

Foreign energy storage commercialization reference

Germany, the United States, China, South Korea, Japan, the United Kingdom, and Australia are the most active countries in the global energy storage market in 2016. In these seven countries, the number of newly added electrochemical energy storage projects in 2016 accounted for 97% of the global market. How do these countries develop electrochemical energy storage?

United States: The earliest promotion of electrochemical energy storage demonstration projects

Since 2009, the US government has allocated $2.2 billion to support battery technology research and development including large-scale energy storage. In the “strategic plan” issued by the US Department of Energy in 2011, it has clearly raised energy storage to a strategic level, and promoted energy storage R&D and application through direct government investment, tax adjustment, and technological innovation. Beginning in the second half of 2013, the United States has begun to test the water storage peak energy storage market in a small area.

Germany: Direct subsidies support photovoltaic energy storage

Germany has made a big move in promoting the energy storage industry. In 2013 and 2014, it planned to invest 50 million euros to directly subsidize users of new energy storage systems, effectively promoting the development of the household energy storage market. It is predicted that due to the introduction of this energy storage subsidy program, Germany's energy storage capacity in the next five years is expected to reach 2GWh.

Japan: Electrochemical energy storage improves to make up for nuclear power vacancies

Since the Fukushima accident in Japan, Japan has focused on supporting the electrochemical energy storage industry and has carried out many projects to reduce energy storage costs. Including wind power projects, car batteries, stationary energy storage batteries, battery material technology evaluation, etc., the energy storage technologies involved are lithium batteries, nickel-hydrogen batteries and vanadium batteries. In March 2014, the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry of Japan launched a new round of subsidy programs for lithium-ion battery energy storage systems, with a total of 10 billion yen allocated, giving buyers the subsidy of 2/3 of the system price.

South Korea: the largest fuel cell power generation market

Molten carbonate fuel cells (MCFC) are used in large-scale power generation facilities in countries such as Korea and the United States, with a scale of 60 MW. South Korea has also become the largest fuel cell power generation market. It is planned that by 2022, South Korea will add 700MW of installed capacity each year. Under such a background, South Korea has continued to make breakthroughs in the field of fuel cell energy storage, and there has been a boom in investment in solid fuel cells. In 2013 alone, dozens of megawatt-scale fuel cell projects were launched. It is reported that by 2022, the market size of hydrogen fuel cell power generation in Korea is expected to climb to 15 billion US dollars.

Southeast Asia: The area of ​​non-electricity is large, and energy storage needs to be developed.

Southeast Asian countries such as India, Malaysia and Indonesia are emerging markets for microgrids. There are many islands in these areas, and there is a large proportion of people without electricity. Some islands have a population coverage of 70%. Given the geographical and economic conditions of these islands, the microgrid is the only solution, and its demand for microgrid technology, including energy storage, is increasing.

A flexible market environment determines the direction of future commercialization of energy storage. However, in the early stage of power market reform, certain industrial policy support is needed. The focus of industrial policy is to give energy storage opportunities to participate in the market fairly. Under the supervision, let the value of energy storage truly become the cash flow of the enterprise.

Looking forward to the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan", the rapid development of China's energy storage industry and market will be inseparable from the support of energy policy, the implementation of supporting measures for electricity reform, the increase in the installed capacity of renewable energy and power generation, the decline in energy storage costs, and the establishment of a sustainable business model. Driven by factors such as capital and confidence.

Battery China Network analysis believes that although the energy storage industry is currently in the demonstration stage, but for the enterprise layout, it is recommended that domestic enterprises follow the footsteps of “One Belt and One Road” construction, focusing on renewable energy grid-connected, micro-grid and distributed energy. The representative side of the energy storage market and the use of power battery ladders. In addition, in the business model, it is recommended to focus on the "investment + operation" model, the energy storage project PPP model, and integrated energy solutions and other innovative models suitable for China's national conditions.

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