Know the "harvester"

Harvester , it is an integrated machinery for harvesting crops. One-time harvesting, threshing, and concentrating the grain into a storage bin, then transporting the grain through the conveyor belt to the transporter. It can also be harvested by hand. The straws of rice and wheat crops are placed in the field, and then picked up by a grain harvesting machine. A crop harvesting machine that harvests grains and straw of cereals such as rice and wheat. Including harvesters, windrowers, balers, grain combine harvesters and grain threshers. Grain harvesting machinery is developed on the basis of various harvesting and threshing tools.

species

Portable harvester

Divided into side-mounted and piggyback:

The side-mounted automatic harvester adopts a hard shaft drive and mainly consists of an engine, a transmission system, a clutch, a working component, an operating device, and a side-mounted belt. A single-cylinder two-stroke air-cooled gasoline engine of 0.75 to 2 kilowatts and a centrifugal friction clutch are disposed on one end of the propeller shaft; the other end is equipped with a working component consisting of a reducer and a cutting tool. There are many types of working parts, commonly used are circular saw blades, blades or nylon filaments. During operation, the hooks on the aluminum alloy bushing of the transmission shaft are hung on the strap under the operator's shoulder, and the handle is held and the hard shaft is laterally oscillated to complete the cutting of weeds and shrubs. The machine weighs about 6 to 12 kilograms and the speed is about 4500 to 5000 rpm.

Knapsack type automatic harvester. With a flexible shaft drive, the general structure is similar to the side-mounted brush cutter, except that the engine is back on the operator's back, and the cutting part is driven by a flexible shaft. The engine power is generally 0.75-1.2 kilowatts. Two points are connected between the engine and the back frame and special rubber parts are provided for vibration isolation. The flexible shaft is a flexible shaft of wire wrapped in a hose to transmit torque. The hose is a threaded tube wrapped with a steel braid encased in a metal woven mesh covered with a rubber protective cover, and penetrates into the shaft with dust-proof soil and retains the lubricant on the surface of the shaft. The cut width is generally between 1.5 and 2 meters.

Hand-held harvester

The traveling wheel supports the weight of the implement, and the person pushes the machine forward to drive the working part by the engine to perform the cutting irrigation operation. Its structure and working principle are similar to portable brush cutters. The hanging harvester is hung behind the tractor and the power output shaft drives the working part to rotate, which is suitable for large area irrigation operations. Mainly by the rack, saw blade, transmission, suspension and push plates and other components. During the irrigation operation, the tractor runs backwards, working at a speed of 5 km/h and can saw a bush with a diameter of 10 cm.

Horizontal header harvester

It consists of a reel, one or two front and rear canvas conveyors, a diver, a cutter, and a transmission (Fig. 1). During operation, the reciprocating cutter cuts the crop and pulls it backwards onto the canvas conveyor belt with the reel's pressure plate. The conveyor belt conveys the crop to the left side of the machine. Because the rear conveyor belt is longer than the front conveyor belt, the double conveyor belt makes the ear head part fall late, and the discharged straw culms are laid on the ground to form a neat purlin that is in the same direction as the machine's direction of travel, which is convenient for picking and binding by hand. . The horizontal header harvester has good adaptability to different growth density, plant height, lodging degree, yield, etc. of rice and wheat, and the structure is simple; however, the longitudinal dimension is large, and the unit flexibility during operation is poor, and the same is more than 15 kilowatts. For the following wheeled or walking tractors, the cut width is less than 2.0 meters, and the harvested wheat can receive 4 to 5 mu per hour.

Vertical header harvester

The crop that has been cut stands upright on the cutter plane and is placed next to the conveyor outside the machine. There are two kinds of side laying and post laying: the side laying type harvester is composed of a splitter, a reeling star wheel (or thumbwheel), a cutter, a transverse vertical tooth belt conveyor and the like. The cut crop was picked up by the starwheel and turned to the upper and lower belts of the conveyor. The conveyor transported it horizontally to the side of the machine. Post-placement type harvesters (Fig. 2) add a set of reeling belts, star wheels, and pressure tamping bars every 30 centimeters between the two tillers so that the stalks stay stable during the lateral transport process. In the upright state, after reaching the right side of the machine, it is conveyed backwards by a pair of longitudinal conveyor belts, and the straws are laid in the back of the machine under the cooperation of the pressure jaws. In the case of interplanting corn, this type of model may not press the tassels on the corn seedlings, and the cutting width is equal to the width of the wheat taels between the two rows of corn. The vertical header harvester has a compact structure, a small longitudinal dimension, light and flexible, and good maneuverability, and is suitable for harvesting rice and wheat on small plots. More than 7 to 9 kilowatts of walking tractors or 15 kilowatts of wheeled tractors, with a cutting range of 1.1 to 1.2 meters; there are also small self-propelled harvesters with a 2 to 3 kW hand-held special chassis, cut width 1 Meters

development trend

The development trend of the harvester is to use new materials to further reduce the weight; adopt low-vibration engine and advanced vibration isolation device and rationally configure the parts to reduce the harm of vibration to the human body; improve the machining and assembly precision of the machine, improve the suction Exhaust system to reduce noise; Add a variety of safety protection devices to improve the safety of operations; Additional shrub shredding device on the mounted brush cutter to simplify the cleaning process to cut the shrubs.