Small and medium-sized nitrogen fertilizers "changing face" is a good time
At present, China's nitrogen fertilizer industry is facing a single source of raw coal varieties, high prices, tight supply of power, limited sales of fertilizers and other heavy pressure, but in the past has been to increase production-based, rolling-style development of small and medium-sized nitrogen fertilizer companies are facing life and death test. In the era of overcapacity, how will the domestic nitrogen fertilizer industry have its second-tier small and medium-sized nitrogen fertilizer companies in the future?
“Now it is a good opportunity to adjust the structure of raw materials and choose suitable technology solutions to get rid of resources and energy constraints. In the past, if a company were to renovate, as long as it affected the output, the state would not allow it, and the company would not dare to do it. Now that there is excess production, There is room and time for the transformation of the company. This is an opportunity!†Wang Wenshan, former vice president of the China Nitrogen Fertilizer Industry Association, said in an interview with reporters that the nitrogen fertilizer company’s product plan should not be limited to nitrogen fertilizers, but can use synthetic gas (CO+H2) to select production. Other suitable products.
Current status diagnosis: The old and new coexistence technology spans large
For a long time, the country’s urgent need for nitrogen fertilizer has made raising nitrogen fertilizer production a top priority in the development of the nitrogen fertilizer industry. Small and medium-sized nitrogen fertilizer plants have almost without exception carried out energy expansion and reconstruction, and some have built a new one alongside the old one. Some of the old devices are filled with so-called fill-in, and few companies systematically retrofit old devices. Wang Wenshan pointed out that this rolling development model has created the current status of small and medium-sized nitrogenous fertilizer companies: the same company's new and old technologies coexist, and the technology span is very large; because it is not the system reform, it is mostly filled and filled, resulting in unbalanced links. That is, "pot belly" and "bottleneck" coexist.
Wang Wenshan said that the raw material structure is outstanding. At present, the majority of small and medium-sized nitrogen fertilizers are based on smokeless lump coal as raw materials and fixed-bed gasification at atmospheric pressure. China's production of anthracite coal concentrates in a few areas, with Shanxi Jincheng being the largest, resulting in near-factory benefits from coal sources. However, most of the factories that are far away from the coal source are affected by transport capacity and freight costs, and they are viewed from development trends. The impact will be more and more obvious. In addition, the atmospheric pressure fixed layer gasification is low in efficiency, high in consumption, polluted, and large in emissions, which is inconsistent with the low-carbon economy. Therefore, the use of smokeless lump coal as a raw material for fixed-bed gasification will sooner or later change.
Insufficient investment is difficult to make big moves. Although small and medium-sized nitrogenous fertilizer companies are currently carrying out technological transformation, overall investment is insufficient and it is difficult to make major moves. Wang Wenshan introduced the problem of structural adjustment of raw materials that needs to be solved as an example. Because of the large investment, the availability of pressurized clean coal gasification technology that has wide applicability to coal and can be used nearby can be used by only a few manufacturers. It is also worth noting that some companies have lowered their technical standards due to insufficient investment, and as a result, they have spent more money to save money. One typical example is that a medium-sized nitrogenous fertilizer plant reforms the “oil to coal†raw material route. The most ideal solution was to use the pressurized pulverized coal gasification technology. However, due to insufficient capital input, the result was changed to lump coal atmospheric pressure gasification. Lump coal needs to be imported into the country without technical advantages. UGI furnaces are still used. As a result, the plant cannot operate, and it turns back to Ender furnace. The UGI furnace is idle. If the two investments were added together in one step, it is entirely possible to use pressurized coal gasification.
Solution: Unified planning is not limited to nitrogen fertilizers
Most of the medium-sized and small-sized nitrogen fertilizer plants in China are relatively backward in technology, high in consumption, heavy in pollution, and weak in competitiveness of enterprises. If they are not seriously reformed, they may be eliminated. What should I do in the future? Wang Wenshan pointed out that this is a challenge and an opportunity. The biggest change in the nitrogen fertilizer industry in recent years has been from product shortages to product surpluses, leaving room and time for corporate transformation. He put forward specific ideas and suggestions for this.
Determine the scale, unified planning in the past transformation of small and medium-sized nitrogen fertilizer is mainly to increase production, the use of rolling mode of development, the lack of a unified plan, the scale is not limited. Wang Wenshan proposed that the overall surplus of nitrogen fertilizer products now should not be expanded without limit. Enterprises should determine an appropriate scale and plan accordingly. The so-called unified planning is not just for nitrogen fertilizers. Other products can also be planned. Enterprises can make unified planning and step-by-step implementation according to the funds, and finally complete the plan.
Focus on the adjustment of raw material structure Currently, the raw materials for small and medium-sized nitrogenous fertilizers are mostly smokeless lump coal. Smokeless lump coal concentrates in a few areas and is almost monopolized. Due to the concentration of production areas, transport capacity and freight rates have a greater impact on the profitability of nitrogen fertilizer enterprises located far away from the place of production. In addition, at present, the use of smokeless lump coal for atmospheric pressure gas production in nitrogen fertilizer companies can only produce half-water gas, making it difficult to change the product structure. Therefore, it is of great significance to adjust the structure of raw materials.
Wang Wenshan believes that according to China's resource situation, it is unrealistic to adjust the oil and gas used for raw material structure, and only coal is used. It is better to use local or nearby coal in the company. Low-grade coal and high-sulfur coal are acceptable, and it is not competing with other industries. Raw materials are beneficial to nitrogen fertilizer companies. In addition, the use of pressurized clean coal gasification technology to produce CO + H2, and then the production of other products to syngas, this program is more flexible than normal gas fixed bed gas production half gas. Therefore, the pulverized coal pressurized clean coal gasification technology with wide adaptability to raw materials should be selected as the raw material structure.
According to the product selection technology plan, the product plan of small and medium-sized nitrogenous fertilizer companies was discussed. According to Wang Wenshan, the nitrogen fertilizer company's product plan should not be limited to nitrogen fertilizers, but could use synthesis gas (CO+H2) to choose other suitable products.
Finally, Wang Wenshan pointed out that if the product plan is still nitrogen fertilizer, the oldest equipment can be integrated and reformed using the most advanced technologies and equipment in the country, ie, using cheap raw materials, reducing process waste, reducing consumption, paying attention to economic benefits, environmental benefits, ecological benefits, and festivals. Water makes it an advanced process with Chinese characteristics.
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