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2010 pollution prevention and control technology policy for lead and zinc smelting industry

1 General

1.1 To protect human health and the environment, lead-zinc smelting industry effectively prevent pollution and promote sustainable development of lead and zinc smelting industry, according to "People's Republic of China Environmental Protection Law", "Cleaner Production Promotion Law of People's Republic of China", "the State Council on The implementation of the scientific development concept, the decision to strengthen the environmental protection, and other laws and regulations and the "lead and zinc industry access conditions", "clean lead production standards for crude lead smelting industry", "clean production standards for lead electrolysis industry" and other standards and standards to develop this technical policy .

1.2 This technical policy applies to lead and zinc smelting industry and lead and zinc recycling industry in China (excluding the dismantling and recycling of waste lead-acid batteries). Not available in lead and zinc metal material and the mining industry rolling (or production system).

1.3 Before 2015, the scale of smelting of single series below 50,000 tons will be eliminated; the compliance rate of atmospheric and water pollutants discharged by lead and zinc smelting will be 100%, the utilization rate of solid waste utilization and harmless disposal will be 100%, and the total discharge of pollutants will decrease year by year. .

1.4 Pay attention to source control, implement clean production, improve resource utilization, and encourage high-recovery, energy-saving and low-pollution lead-zinc smelting production processes combined with advanced pollution control technologies to reduce pollutant emissions. Lead smelting and zinc smelting should be set up in a coordinated manner to facilitate comprehensive recycling. The choice of pollutant treatment technology for lead and zinc smelting industry should be tailored to local conditions, combined with the characteristics of lead and zinc smelting production process, based on mature technology and economically reasonable. In areas with high population density and prone to serious environmental pollution problems and special protection measures, new lead and zinc smelting projects are restricted, and existing enterprises need to gradually move out.

2 Process technology route

2.1 Encourage the adoption of new lead smelting projects

Advanced lead smelting processes such as the Kivcet method, the Shuikoushan (SKS) method, the Isa (ISA) method, the Ausmelt method, and the oxygen-bottomed lead (QSL) method.

2.2 Encourage the new zinc smelting project to adopt the full wet zinc smelting process of oxygen leaching, and also adopt the conventional wet process and other advanced processes.

2.3 For the lead-zinc mixed concentrate, low-grade complex concentrate and secondary materials containing lead and zinc, the closed blast furnace (ISP) method can be used.

2.4 The existing technical transformation of the sintering-blast furnace lead-smelting process should adopt the advanced lead-smelting process such as SKS method, ISA method, Ausmelt method and Kivcet method.

2.5 Encourage the development of new processes for the comprehensive smelting of lead-zinc sulfide ore with independent intellectual property rights, oxygen-enriched or oxygen-enhanced smelting.

2.6 Eliminate the use of sintering pots, sintering discs, simple blast furnaces and other backward lead-smelting processes and equipment, and eliminate the lead-smelting process of sintering machines that do not support the construction of acid and exhaust gas absorption systems.

2.7 Elimination of the use of muffle furnaces, manger furnaces, horizontal tanks, small vertical tanks (single-day single tank production of less than 8 tons) for roasting, simple condensation facilities for dust collection and other backward methods of zinc smelting or production of zinc oxide products Process and equipment.

3 Air pollution control technology

3.1 Lead and zinc smelting flue gas should be collected, utilized and treated. Flue gas collection and purification measures shall be taken for the opening and closing of lead-zinc metallurgical kiln furnaces, melt discharge outlets of smelting furnaces, lead refining electric lead pans, and lead gas pans.

3.2 Dust collection treatment of heavy metal particulate matter such as lead and zinc should be strengthened. Encourage high-efficiency bag filters using new fabric materials such as microporous membrane composite media.

3.3 Recover sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) from flue gases and use it to produce sulfuric acid or other sulfur products. After the flue gas is acidified, a fiber mist eliminator should be installed to remove the acid mist. When the SO 2 content in the acid-making tail gas or the unacidified flue gas exceeds the standard, it should be desulfurized and discharged after reaching the standard. For zinc smelters, it is advisable to use zinc oxide to recover SO 2 , acid or zinc sulphate.

3.4 When using ISP lead and zinc refining method after sintering flue gas purification should be used in acid, melting advised by the flue gas washer, dehydration processing as Low BTU gas utilization.

3.5 When the mercury-containing flue gas, the mercury removal advised acid. Flue gas de-mercury encourages the use of new mercury reactor recovery units.

3.6 When wet zinc smelting, the zinc leaching tank and the septic tank should be equipped with exhaust gas collection, gas-liquid separation or purification devices. The zinc electrolysis cell should adopt measures to suppress acid mist.

3.7 For the long-term continuous discharge of harmful human health gases, measures such as suppression, organized collection and purification must be taken to improve the working environment.

4 Solid waste pollution control technology

4.1 Solid waste pollution control should follow the principle of “reduction, reuse, recycling”, first recycling, and then comprehensive treatment.

4.2 Encourage the application of non-hazardous water quenching slag as raw material to produce comprehensive utilization technologies such as building materials, building materials and roadbed materials.

4.3 lead smelting slag generated by refining litharge, lead oxide slag which should be recovered after a main metal safe disposal; slag fuming when used in the production of cement, which should be controlled magnetic iron oxide content of less than 40%.

4.4 Leaching slag of wet zinc smelting, kiln slag after smelting treatment and hot acid leaching slag should be safely disposed after comprehensive recovery.

4.5 The dust collected by the dust collector should be used in combination and recycled.

4.6 Heavy metal acid sludge, sewage sludge, collection tank sediment and wastewater treatment slag (sludge) produced by flue gas dilute acid washing shall recover the main metals; mercury containing acid sludge shall recover mercury in time.

4.7 When dust, sludge and waste slag are temporarily unavailable, they should be properly stored in a dedicated warehouse (house) or waste residue yard (reservoir); mercury-containing sludge should be sealed.

4.8 When solid wastes are identified as hazardous wastes, they should be stored, transported and disposed of in accordance with relevant standards.

5 Water pollution control technology

5.1 Encourage enterprises to produce wastewater reuse and "zero emissions", reduce new water consumption, increase water recycling efficiency, and reduce wastewater discharge.

5.2 Encourage the initial collection and treatment of rainwater in the whole plant; centralized treatment or discharge of domestic sewage.

5.3 Wastewater treatment can be carried out by chemical precipitation, biological, ferrite, electrochemical and membrane separation processes.

6 Technology that encourages research and development

6.1 Encourage the development and application of new energy-saving and environmentally friendly lead-zinc smelting and comprehensive recycling technologies and equipment.

6.2 Encourage the research and development of efficient flue gas collection and purification devices, and strengthen the research and development of unorganized emission pollution control technologies.

6.3 Encourage the research and promotion of high-performance dust removal technology equipment such as high-efficiency bag filter for ceramic fabrics such as ceramic dust collectors and microporous membrane composite filter materials.

6.4 Encourage the development of new technologies for acid and sulfur recovery from low-concentration SO2 flue gas; research and development of high-efficiency catalysts and catalysts for flue gas acid production, improve acid conversion rate; research and development of high-efficiency purification of SO2 flue gas, deacidification of acid tail gas, washing Technologies and equipment such as pollution acid purification and recycling.

6.5 Encourage the development of recycling technologies and harmless disposal technologies for valuable materials such as rare metals in solid waste; encourage the development of technologies for the preparation of high value-added products using water-quenched slag.

6.6 Encourage the development of new wastewater treatment and reuse technologies that have high levels of automation and can efficiently remove and utilize heavy metals and arsenic containing lead, zinc, cadmium , mercury, and copper .

6.7 Encourage the development of automatic control technology and equipment for the whole process of lead and zinc smelting production and pollutant discharge with independent intellectual property rights.

7 Operation Management

7.1 The enterprise shall install automatic monitoring equipment for pollutant discharge in accordance with relevant regulations and network with the pollution monitoring system of the environmental protection department.

7.2 The administrative departments of environmental protection at all levels shall strengthen the regular inspection and supervision of the implementation of the pollution control facilities operation and daily pollution prevention management system of enterprises, and organize regular monitoring of the discharge of pollutants. The enterprise shall provide information on the operation and management of the pollution control facilities, including the operation and calibration of the monitoring instruments.

7.3 The enterprise must ensure that the pollution control facilities are operating normally. When an emergency or malfunction causes a shutdown, immediately report it to the local environmental protection administrative department and take remedial measures.

7.4 Enterprises should strengthen technical training for the operation of environmental protection facilities; formulate environmental management systems and emergency plans for pollution accidents, and build emergency response facilities.

7.5 Enterprises should continuously improve pollution prevention and control technologies, update equipment in time, and improve prevention and control effects.

7.6 Soil and water conservation measures shall be taken for lead and zinc smelting construction projects, and water and soil conservation plans shall be prepared for projects covering more than 1 hectare or earthworks above 10,000 cubic meters.

7.7 The enterprise shall sample and monitor the affected soil according to the requirements of environmental impact assessment. Soils should be repaired when the content of lead, zinc, mercury, cadmium, arsenic and copper in the soil exceeds the standard.

7.8 For enterprises that are closed for application, environmental assessment should be carried out on the plant area and slag yard in accordance with relevant requirements, and site restoration measures should be taken to eliminate environmental pollution and restore ecology.

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