Talc mining

The mining of talc has open pit mining and underground mining. The mining of the No. 2 and No. III ore bodies of the Haicheng talc mine is open-pit mining and has been completed. The early talc products are 100,000 t/a; the later talc products are 200,000 t/a. Guangxi Longsheng talc mine, the current scale of talc products has reached 100,000 t / a, Longsheng is China's second largest talc mine. There are many underground mining points. The No. 1 ore body of Haicheng talc mine is underground mining. Others such as Qixia talc mine, Haiyang talc mine, Benxi talc mine, Liquid County talc mine, Haicheng water spring talc mine, Kuandian Both the talc mine and the Yingkou talc mine are underground.
The mining scale is divided into two methods: one is based on the amount of ore; the other is based on the amount of concentrate (the following table).

The open transportation method of talc mine open-pit mining is mostly developed by highways. For example, the eastern open-pit mine of Haicheng talc mine has a pre- ore output of 200,000 t/a, a total stripping capacity of nearly 400,000 t/a, and a later ore output of 390,000 t/ a, the total amount of mining and stripping is nearly 800,000 t/a, and it is transported by 15t dump truck. In the early stage, it was transported by 7t Yellow River dump truck. Longsheng talc mine, with an ore output of 159,200 t/a, with TATRA138S, a dump truck with a load of 12t. Underground mining is divided according to the type of main roadway: first, shaft development, such as Qixia talc mine and Haiyang talc mine in Jiaodong; second, inclined shaft development, such as Yingkou talc mine; third is Pingyi development, such as Haicheng The development of the No. 1 ore body of the talc mine, the Haiquan Shuiquan talc mine; the fourth is the joint development, the Ruxi talc mine jointly developed with the Pingyi blind inclined well, and the Ruyi talc mine jointly developed by the shaft blind inclined well.
The talc is soft and has a Mohs hardness coefficient of 1 to 1.5. It has a slippery feel. The {001} cleavage is extremely complete, and it is easily split into thin slices. The natural rest angle is small (35° to 40°), which is extremely unstable. slippery rocks and petrochemical silicide magnesite, magnesite rock, lean ore or dolomitic marble, with few solid medium, generally not stable, joints, fractured, ore and rock physical and mechanical properties of the extraction process The impact is great.
When open-pit mining affects the stability of the slope, the final slope angle of the open pit mine in the eastern part of the Haicheng talc mine is only 40°, and the top gang is 36° (the top and bottom gangs are all magnesite); the final slope of the Longsheng talc mine bottom The angle is 47.35° and the end gang is 27.23° (the surrounding rock is a thin layer of marble), which is quite slow. Due to the softness of the ore and surrounding rock, the work efficiency of the mining work is higher, the perforation and secondary crushing are easier, and the explosive consumption is less. Haicheng talc mine piercing YQ-150A type submersible rock drilling machine , excavation 1m3 electric excavator, secondary crushing rock drilling blasting method, work line parallel ore body direction arrangement, from the ore body top plate to the chassis propulsion, working surface transportation With the 7t Yellow River Dump Truck, with the increase in production, it is planned to use a 15t dump truck. Longsheng talc mine, TQ-150A type submersible rock drilling machine for perforation, 1m ³ diesel excavator for excavation, parallel line of ore body of working line, propulsion from the top of the ore body to the chassis, TATRA138S1 for working face transportation, load 12t For unloading cars, the number of working steps is generally two, up to three. For the cleaning, leveling and transporting, the T3-100 type 1 73.6kW bulldozer and the ZL-40 type bucket are 1m ³ volume front loading machines. The use of auxiliary equipment is also a common equipment for general medium and small open pit mines.
The underground mining process is more specific. Due to the special properties of the ore, the intrapulmonary support of the talc mine is difficult. In some cases, the bottom drum, the support subsidence and the support are destroyed. The special phenomenon of the destruction phenomenon is that the kick drum is particularly serious. Shandong Qixia talc mine served a long time in the intrapulse transport lane, watering 0.5m thick concrete under the floor of the roadway, and then supporting the stone on this concrete to obtain better support effect. Essentially this is a stone support with a bottom arch.
In terms of mining methods, due to the extremely unstable ore of the ore and the instability of the surrounding rock, the ore body is mostly thick and extra-thick ore with inclined and steep slopes. The ore body shape and thickness vary greatly, and the ore body contains inclusions. More, in the past, horizontal stratification was used to fill the mining method (some mines still use this method). The ore is stratified from top to bottom, and the ore that has fallen under the working face is manually loaded into the mine car for transportation, and the stone is filled in the extracted road. This mining method has strong adaptability, large flexibility and safe operation in the case of complex ore body shape, and can process more ore inclusions in the ore. The disadvantages are high labor intensity, large loss of ore, high consumption of pit wood and high cost of workshops. The working efficiency of the working face workers is 2~3t/(work/class), and the production capacity of the mining block is 30t/d.
In summary, the horizontal stratified sorting mining method for talc mining has many shortcomings. Over the years, with advances in mineral processing technology, allowed lower grade ore beneficiation and mining field required to improve efficiency, supply a large number of ore. Many mines have tried to use the talc ore and the instability of the surrounding rock to use the subsegmental sublevel caving method and the sublevel caving method. It has been successfully adopted and the technical and economic effects are also very good. The Haicheng talc mine adopts a sublevel caving method without a bottom column, and the segment height is 7.5-10 m. The distance of the mining approach is 7.5m, the end of the ore is discharged, the production efficiency is high, the mining intensity is 3 times of the original filling method, the pit wood consumption is less, 150~200m ³ / 10,000t, the recovery rate of the ore is better than the filling method. The high index saves the heavy filling work. The disadvantage is that the ore is poor, the selected grade is reduced, and the ore dressing cost is increased. However, the comprehensive effect of mining and selection is still good. The working surface efficiency is 3.28t/(工·班), mine The block production capacity is 60t/d. There are several talc mines in China that use segmental natural caving and are also effective. For example, Qixia, Benxi and Yingkou talc mines generally have a section height of 7 to 9 m, resulting in a natural collapse of less than 10 m ² and a Yingkou of only 4 to 6 m ² . The segmentation natural caving method has high mining intensity and high labor productivity. Some workshops have an efficiency of 12.5~15t. The process is simple, the material consumption is low, and the mining cost is 2/3 of the filling method. The disadvantage is: due to the small space at the bottom, It is impossible to form a large natural balance arch by adopting the natural collapse of the end, and the height of the segment is also limited. When the ore encountered is relatively stable or encounters a layer of stone, the ore cannot collapse naturally, which results in a large loss of passive production and ore.

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