Filter press (2)
B intermittent pressure belt filter
The working principle of the intermittent pressurizing belt filter is shown in Fig. 6. Both ends of the filter cloth 10 are mounted on the drums 7 and 9, and the filter cloth 10 itself can be used as a conveyor belt of the filter cloth 1. The drums 7 and 9 are driven by the transmission device 8, and can be rotated forward and backward, and the material is added by the tube 4. On the filter cloth, 12 is a suction drain pipe, which is composed of the upper plate frame 3 and the lower frame 11 for filtering. 2. During operation, the cleaned filter cloth enters the filter chamber. At this time, the compressed air pushes the seal ring and presses the filter cloth. On, and start feeding and suction filtration, when the liquid reaches a certain height, the feeding is stopped and the compressed air is input, and the pressure filtration is formed in the filtering chamber. After the filtration is completed, the seal ring is automatically raised, and the filter cloth carrying the filter cake portion is moved to the discharge area. The regenerated filter cloth also enters the filter chamber at the same time for the next filtration operation. If two layers of filter cloth are required in the process, a second layer of filter cloth 1 can be installed, and the two layers of filter cloth move synchronously. The double-layer filter cloth is installed so that the solid particles that may penetrate 1 are trapped by the filter cloth 10 for the second time. A brake device is mounted on the filter cloth 1 to prevent the filter cloth 1 from moving in the reverse direction when the filter cloth 10 is returned. This kind of equipment removes the wrinkles in the center of the filter cloth caused by the uneven traction of the section of the general annular filter cloth.
There are many types of pressure belt filters that implement forced dewatering. In addition to the above, there are also semi-submersible belt filters for treating sewage, fully sunken belt filters and gravity belt filters, and the American Amcor belt filter press. [next]
(3) Plate and frame type automatic filter press
Plate and frame automatic filter press can be divided into two categories: horizontal and vertical. According to the construction of the filter chamber and the difference in the installation, walking and unloading methods of the filter cloth, it can be subdivided into several types. The plate-and-frame automatic filter press produced in China is mainly horizontal, and the vertical type only has trial products, which are not produced in large quantities.
Horizontal plate and frame filter press The domestic BAJZ plate and frame type automatic filter press is shown in Figure 7.
This equipment belongs to the horizontal plate and frame type automatic filter press. Each filter press consists of 6 to 44 vertical plate frames, which constitute 6 to 44 filter press chambers. The inside of the filter plate has a hole for discharging the filtrate and blowing, and the filter chamber is lined with the filter cloth. The filter cloth is in the high position during the filtration, and is in the low position when the cake is unloaded. The lifting and lowering is operated by some hydraulic manipulators. Each filter press cycle is divided into five stages: (1) the hydraulic column in the lockout stage lifts the filter cloth and the filter plate is sealed; (2) the feed filtration stage is to distribute the slurry to each filter chamber from the feed pipe at the upper part of the filter chamber. Until it is filled with filter cake; (3) Compressed air is introduced into the filter chamber during the compression phase to further remove residual moisture in the filter cake; (4) The hydraulic column in the unloading stage pulls all the filter chambers and the bottom discharge door At the same time, the filter cloth is lowered and the filter cake is discharged; (5) When the filter cloth is rinsed with water, the hydraulic column resets the filter cloth, the filter plate is closed, and the discharge door is also closed.
The concentration of the filter press is 25-70%. If necessary, the unconcentrated flotation concentrate with a concentration of only about 30% can be directly supplied to the filter to obtain a concentrate with a moisture content of 8%. However, the filter press cycle is correspondingly long. 4.5 to 5 tons of filter cake can be produced per compression.
The industrial dewatering test was carried out on the fine grain + tailings by a 30 m 2 plate and frame automatic filter press. [next]
(IV) Other continuous pressure filter The continuous pressure filter is a high-efficiency filtration equipment developed in recent years in foreign countries. It overcomes the defects of intermittent feeding of automatic filter press, can continuously feed, and has high production efficiency. Continuous filter presses are available in a variety of styles, but can be divided into three main categories: high pressure, medium pressure and pressure-vacuum combined filters.
A rotary filter press
The rotary filter press is represented by a Japanese model. As shown in Figure 8. The machine was used in industrial production in the 1970s. The filter press is constructed by arranging a plurality of filter discs and a stirring disc. The filter disc has a plurality of grooves for discharging the filtrate, and is covered with a pressure-resistant filter cloth. The slurry is fed into the filter at a pressure of 300-500 kPa (3 to 5 bar), flows along the surface of the filter disc and passes through the stirring shaft. The annular gap between the filter disc and the filter disc is pressed into the next filter chamber, forced to flow at high speed in the circumferential direction and in the radial direction in a complicated manner under a large shear force, and subjected to filtration under strong agitation. The filter cake is paste-like and intermittently discharged at the tail through the discharge valve. The number of revolutions of the agitator shaft is adapted to the nature of the solid material. The strong stirring force and shearing force in the machine keep the filter press working stably for a long time, and the filter cake moves and discharges smoothly in the extrusion chamber. As the viscosity of the slurry increases as the solids content increases, the torque of the agitator shaft and the power consumption of the motor are increased. Therefore, for a slurry of a certain nature, the power of the motor is determined by the degree of dewatering required by the slurry. When the pressure is stable, the dehydration process can be kept stable by adjusting the power consumption of the drive motor.
This type of filter press has a high unit handling capacity, is closed, compact, and does not pollute the environment. The work adaptability is good, and the product moisture can be controlled more accurately when the concentration of the ore is fluctuating greatly. The rotary filter press uses a synthetic polyester, polypropylene or polyesteramine mesh as the filter medium with a maximum filtration area of ​​40 m2 . This type of filter press can also be used as a high-efficiency concentrator. [next]
B KDF filter press
The KDF filter press is shown in Figure 9. The machine was developed by a Dutch company. Slurry filtration is carried out in a sealed horizontal pressure tank. The lower half of the tank is filled with slurry and the upper half is filled with compressed air at a pressure of 600 kPa (6 bar). The six hollow shafts in the tank are equipped with equal filters (also called small discs), which rotate around the shaft. The six shafts rotate around a central screw conveyor. This rotation keeps the filter cake even and dehydrates under high pressure. Filter medium composed of three layers of metal net, crude steel mesh inner, outer two layers of fine mesh. When the filter is transferred into the slurry, pressure filtration is started under the action of compressed air. After the filter leaves the slurry, the compressed air in the tank causes the filter cake to be further dehydrated. When the filter is transferred to the screw conveyor, the filter cake is reversely compressed (pushing 100 to 400 kPa (1 to 4 bar) higher than the pressure inside the container to the screw conveyor and sent to the discharge pipe. It is discharged through the hollow shaft. The machine is characterized by a large filtration area in a smaller unit. The largest KDF120 filter press has a filtration area of ​​120 m2 . When filtering coal slurry, the filter cake moisture ratio is vacuum filter. It is 5 to 7% lower, the filtrate concentration is 1 g/L, and the productivity can reach 0.33 to 0.76 ton / m 2 · hour.
C HKD pressure filter
The filter press was developed by a West German company in the 1980s. The improved disc filter and its transmission components, dispensing head, unloading device, etc. are sealed in a pressure tank. As shown in Figure 10. The filter cake is discharged by an impeller gate, and the filtrate flows out automatically. The diameter of the filter disc is 1300, 2000 and 3050 mm, the number of discs can be up to 12, the filtration area is 2 to 144 m 2 , and the maximum is 480 m 2 . When the filtration area is 96 m 2 , under moderate pressure, The capacity of the flotation clean coal is 100 tons/hour, and the moisture content of the filter cake is 15-17%. The production proves that the output of the filter press and the moisture of the filter cake can be maintained when the selected pressure difference and the amount of the filter aid are appropriate. In the most economical state.
D Pressure-vacuum combined filter This machine is also called high pressure vacuum filter and is assembled by a university in West Germany. Install a common cartridge vacuum filter in a pressurized chamber and input compressed air into the chamber to create a medium pressure differential to achieve very low filter cake moisture. The results of semi-industrial tests on zinc concentrates using test models show that the filter cake moisture can be reduced to 8% to eliminate drying operations. This process is about half the production cost compared to other pressure filtration or filtration plus drying methods. This filtration method facilitates the technical modification of conventional filters.
In addition, foreign countries still have pressurized cylinder filter, horizontal belt pressure filter and flat pressure filter, etc., generally use medium pressure work of 250 ~ 350 kPa (2.5 ~ 3.5 bar). The combination principle is basically the same as the above.
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